Public B2B Exchanges And Portals 公開的 B2B 交易中心與入口

1. Public B2B Exchanges And Portals公開的B2B交易中心與入口 D92423110 林姵如 D92423125 張婉真 D92423139 楊棓雯 D92423140 余雅筠 D92423145 邱雅惠 D92423148 李郡蓉

2. B2B Electronic Exchanges Public e-marketplaces 公開電子市集 P.260

3. B2B Electronic Exchanges • 廣義 狹義

4. B2B Electronic Exchanges • 全球電子市集交易量

5. B2B Electronic Exchanges • Vertical exchanges (垂直交換) • Horizontal exchanges (水平交換) P.262

6. Functions of exchanges • Matching buyers and sellers. Includes such activities as establishing product offerings; aggregating and posting different products for sale; providing price and product information; matching supplier offerings with buyer preferences; enabling price and product comparisons. P.263

7. Functions of exchanges • Facilitating transactions includes the activities: arranging logistics of delivering information, goods, or services to buyers; providing billing and payment information; defining terms and other transaction values; maintaining appropriate security over information and transactions. P.264

8. Functions of exchanges • Maintaining exchange policies and infrastructure Ascertaining compliance with commerical code, contract law, export and import laws, and intellectual property law for transactions made within the exchange. P.264

9. Ownership of exchanges • An industry giant. (工業巨人) • A neutral entrepreneur. (中立者) • The consortia (or co-op) (產業聯盟) P.265

10. Revenue Models Transaction fees(交易費) Fee for service(服務費) Membership fees(會費) Advertising fees(廣告費) Other revenue sources(其他收入) P.265

11. Governance and Organization • Membership(會員) • Site access and security (網站的進入與安全) • Services provided by exchanges(由交換來提供服務) P.266

12. B2B Portals • B2B portals: Information portals for businesses • Pure information portals include: a) Directories of products offered by each seller b) Lists of buyers and what they want c) Other industry or general information • Vortals: B2B portals that focus on a single industry or industry segment; “vertical portals” P.267,268

13. Alibaba.com • 網站: http://www.alibaba.com/ • 相關網站: 1.立足於中國大陸市場的簡體中文網站 china.alibaba.com 2.針對全球華商的繁體中文網站 chinese.alibaba.com 3.韓國市場的韓文網站 kr.alibaba.com P.268

14. Third-Party Exchanges • Third-party exchanges are characterized by two contradicting properties a) they are neutral, not favoring either sellers or buyers b) they do not have a built-in constituency of sellers or buyers, and sometimes have a problem attracting enough buyers and sellers to attain financial viability • A major problem is: Market liquidity P.269

15. Third-Party Exchanges • Buyer aggregation model buyers’ RFQs are aggregated and then linked to a pool of suppliers that are automatically notified of the RFQs • Suitability aggregation models work best with MROs and services that are well defined, that have stable prices, and where the supplier or buyer base is fragmented P.271

16. Consortium Trading Exchanges • Consortium trading exchange (CTE): An exchange formed and operated by a group of major companies to provide industrywide transaction services • Three basic types of environments: a)Fragmented Markets b) Seller-concentrated markets c) Buyer-concentrated markets P.272

17. Consortium Trading Exchanges • Purchasing-oriented consortia • Vertical Purchasing-Oriented CTEs all the players are in the same industry • Horizontal Purchasing-Oriented CTEs owner-operators are large companies from different industries that unite for the purpose of improving the supply chain of MROs used by most industries P.273

18. Consortium Trading Exchanges • Selling-oriented consortia • Most selling-oriented consortia are vertical • Participating sellers have thousands of potential buyers within a particular industry P.273

19. Consortium Trading Exchanges • Other issues for consortia Legal challenges for B2B consortia a) level of collaboration among both competitors and business partners b) antitrust and other competition laws must be considered P.273

20. Consortium Trading Exchanges • Critical success factors for consortia a) Appropriate business and revenue models b) Size of the industry c) Ability to drive user adoption d) Elasticity P.276

21. e) Standardization of commodity-like products f) Management of intensive information flow g) Smoothing of supply chain inefficiencies h) Harmonized shared objectives P.276

22. Dynamic Trading: Matching and Auctions • Dynamic trading:Exchange trading that occurs in situations when prices are being determined by supply and demand • Matching • Supply and demand • Quantity, delivery times, and locations P.277

23. Dynamic Trading(動態的貿易): Auctions (拍賣) • Exchanges offer members the ability to conduct auctions or reverse auctions in private trading rooms • auction services as one of its many activities(作為它的很多活動之一的拍賣服務) • fully dedicated to auction(完全致力於拍賣) P.277

24. Building E-Marketplaces(建造電子市場) • Building e-marketplaces is a complex process, usually performed by a major B2B software company • Commerce One • Ariba • Oracle • IBM P.278

25. The Integration issue(綜合問題) • External communications(外部通訊 ) • Process and information coordination in integration(在整合過程中的程序和訊息協調) • Use of Web services in integration(在整合過 程中網路服務的使用) • System and information management in integration(在整合過程中的系統和訊息管理) P.278

26. The Integration issue • External Communications(外部通訊 ) • Web/client access (網路 /用戶端存取) • Data exchange(資料交換) • Direct application integration (指示應用程式整合) • Shared procedures(共享程序) • Process and information coordination in integration(在整合過程中的程序和訊息協調) • how to coordinate external communications with internal information systems P.279

27. The Integration issue • Use of Web services in integration (在整合過程中網路服務的使用) Web Services enable different Web-based systems to communicate with each other using Internet-based protocols such as XML(擴展標示語言) P.279

28. The Integration issue • System and information management in integration (在整合過程中的系統和訊息管理) Management of software, hardware, and several information components, including partner-profile information, data and process definitions, communications and security settings, and users’ information P.279

29. Support Services for Public and Private Marketplaces(公共和私人市場的支持服務 ) • Directory services and search engines (目錄服務和搜索引擎 ) • Partner relationship management (PRM) (集中於對生意合夥人提供綜合的質量服務的經營 策略電子社區和PRM) • E-communities and PRM • Integration (as per Keenan Report)(綜合- 按照基南報告) P.280

30. Integration (as per Keenan Report) • Business-to-exchange (B2X) hubs connect all of the Internet business services • e-merchant services(電子海運) • exchange infrastructure(交換基礎設施) • buying and selling(買賣) • member enterprises(成員企業) • other B2X exchanges(其他的B2X交換) P.282

31. Implementation Issues • Private vs. public exchanges Private exchanges:E-marketplaces that are owned and operated by one company. Also known as company-centric marketplaces P.282

32. Implementation Issues • Problems with private exchanges • Transaction fees—required to pa transaction fees with existing customers • Sharing information—do not want to share business data with competitors • Cost savings—not great enough to attract buyers • Recruiting suppliers—lose direct contact with customers • Too many exchanges P.282

33. Implementation Issues • Software agents in B2B exchanges this software enable customized syndication of content and services from multiple sources on the Internet to any device connected to the Internet • provide real-time, tighter integration between buyers and sellers • facilitate management of multiple trading partners and their transactions across multiple virtual industry exchanges P.283