Final Exam (S2) Environmental Science

1. Final Exam (S2)Environmental Science Ms. Phillips 2013-2014

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the main areas of Earth science? • astrology • geology • oceanography • astronomy • none of the above

3. The area of Earth science that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in Earth’s past is called ____. • meteorology • oceanography • physical geology • historical geology • meteorites

4. Which of Earth’s spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, lakes, and glaciers? • the atmosphere • the hydrosphere • the biosphere • the geosphere • none of the above

5. The life-forms of the biosphere are located in the ____. • geosphere only • hydrosphere and atmosphere only • hydrosphere only • atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere • none of the above

6. What are the three main parts of the geosphere? • atmosphere, crust, core • crust, mantle, core • lithosphere, mantle, core • asthenosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere • none of the above

7. The theory of plate tectonics helps scientists explain __________. • how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur • how ocean currents move over Earth’s surface • why hurricanes occur • why Earth’s core is less dense than the mantle • none of the above

8. What is the driving force for the movement of the lithospheric plates? • heat from the sun • unequal distribution of heat within Earth • heat in the atmosphere • unequal distribution of heat in the oceans • none of the above

9. Earth is considered a system because all of its parts ____. • represent separate closed systems • were formed at the same time • are powered by the same energy source • interact • none of the above

10. Any size group of interacting parts that form a complex whole is a(n) ____. • sphere • energy source • tectonic plate • system • none of the above

11. What are the two sources of energy for the Earth system? • lightning and the sun • the sun and Earth’s interior • the sun and wind • Earth’s interior and the winds • none of the above

12. Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource? • energy from flowing water • iron • petroleum • coal • none of the above

13. Resources that can be replenished over a relatively short time span are called _________. • fossil fuels • renewable resources • nonrenewable resources • mineral resources • none of the above

14. Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource? • cotton • copper • natural gas • coal • none of the above

15. Renewable resources ____. • can be replenished over months, years, or decades • are all living resources • have finite supplies that will one day be used up • include iron, natural gas, and copper • none of the above

16. Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource? • cotton • trees • cattle • uranium • none of the above

17. Which of the following energy resources might replace dwindling petroleum supplies one day? • coal and natural gas • tar sands and uranium • oil shale and tar sands • wind and coal • none of the above

18. Vein deposits are usually produced by __________. • hydrothermal solutions • cementation and compaction • weathering • density sorting • none of the above

19. Which of the following is a nonmetallic mineral resource? • wood • coal • iron • aggregate • none of the above

20. What are nonmetallic resources commonly used for? • manufacturing steel • producing energy • the nonmetallic elements they contain or their physical and chemical properties • the metallic elements they contain or their physical and chemical properties • none of the above

21. The advantages of solar energy include the fact that it is ____. • absent at night • nonrenewable • expensive • non-polluting • none of the above

22. Wind power generates ____. • noise pollution • air pollution • water pollution • soil pollution • none of the above

23. Hydroelectric power is produced by ____. • falling water that turns a turbine • tides that pour through a dam barrier • hot water that comes from deep underground • electric current that flows across a dam • none of the above

24. What is the source of geothermal energy? • natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water • sunlight heating surface waters • the splitting of atoms to release energy • very hot minerals deep underground • none of the above

25. Fresh water is used for which of the following? • drinking • growing food • cooking • all of the above • none of the above

26. The water cycle is the ____. • the evaporation of water from Earth’s surface • distribution of drinking water on Earth • the recycling of water after industrial use • unending circulation of Earth’s water supply • none of the above

27. Plants release water into the atmosphere through a process called ____. • infiltration • precipitation • evaporation • transpiration • all of the above

28. The average annual precipitation worldwide must equal the quantity of water ____. • locked in glaciers • evaporated • infiltrated • transpired • all of the above

29. The ability of a stream to erode and transport material depends largely on its ____. • density • length • width • velocity • all of the above

30. A natural levee is ____. • an erosional feature perpendicular to the stream channel • an erosional feature parallel to the stream channel • a depositional feature parallel to the stream channel • a depositional feature perpendicular to the stream channel • all of the above

31. A floodplain forms where a stream ____. • cuts mainly side to side • cuts downward rapidly • carries no bed load • is far above its base level • none of the above

32. One major cause of floods is ____. • light rain over a large area • a decrease in stream discharge • increased capacity of stream channels • rapid spring snow melt • all of the above

33. Groundwater is found underground in the zone of ____. • saturation • aeration • soil • sediment • none of the above

34. Which of the following is a measure of a material’s ability to transmit fluids through interconnected pore spaces? • permeability • capacity • porosity • competence • all of the above

35. Springs form where _________. • groundwater sinks into the soil • there is no water table • flooding makes streams overflow their banks • the water table intersects the ground surface • none of the above

36. When groundwater enters underground fractures or caverns in hot igneous rocks, where it is heated to boiling temperatures, what feature can form? • aquitard • sinkhole • geyser • spring • all of the above

37. Which of the following is NOT a major source of groundwater pollution? • compost • pesticides • sewage • industrial chemicals • none of the above

38. A thick ice mass that forms over the land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow is a _____________. • drumlin • cirque • fjord • glacier • all of the above

39. Currently, about what percent of Earth’s land surface is covered by glaciers? • 70% • 110% • 25% • 40% • 10%

40. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers? • They show evidence of past or present flow. • They form from the recrystallization of snow. • They originate on land. • They exist only in the Northern Hemisphere. • all of the above

41. During the most recent ice age, what percentage of Earth’s surface was covered by glaciers? • 10% • 30% • 75% • 90% • all of the above

42. Which of the following features was formed by glacial erosion? • Navajo Lake • the Mississippi River • the Missouri River • the Great Lakes • the Basin and Range

43. What force causes most of the erosion in desert areas? • fire • running water • gravity • ice • wind

44. Why can a heavy rain shower cause a large amount of erosion in a desert area? • There is a lack of vegetation to hold the soil in place. • Lizards don’t like water • Temperatures are very high. • Streams overflow easily. • Desert ground cannot absorb any water.

45. What is the main type of weathering in deserts? • weathering by water • chemical weathering • weathering by organic acids • physical weathering • all of the above

46. Abrasion changes the desert surface by ____. • creating pinnacles and narrow pedestals in the rock • creating blowouts • cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces • depositing loess across the landscape • all of the above

47. Deflation affected the Dust Bowl in the 1930sby ____. • lowering the land • depositing coarse sand and gravel • building up sand dunes • creating rock pinnacles • all of the above

48. Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is called ____. • loess • a blowout • desert pavement • a sand dune • none of the above

49. Over time, sand dunes tend to migrate ____. • in random directions • in the same direction as the wind blows • toward the wind • perpendicular to the movement of the wind • all of the above

50. Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to form ____. • two major supercontinents and three smaller continents • two major supercontinents • three major supercontinents • one major supercontinent • none of the above http://www.phschool.com/iText/sci_exp/iText/products/0-13-181243-2/ch1/ch1_s3_1.html