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Judicious Use of Pesticides

Judicious Use of Pesticides. Kansas State University Ward Upham. What are Pesticides?. “Cide” means “to kill”. Technically, a pesticide is something used to kill pests. Different Groups of Pesticides. Fungicide: Used to kill fungi Insecticide: Used to kill insects

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Judicious Use of Pesticides

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  1. Judicious Use of Pesticides Kansas State University Ward Upham

  2. What are Pesticides? “Cide” means “to kill”. Technically, a pesticide is something used to kill pests.

  3. Different Groups of Pesticides • Fungicide: Used to kill fungi • Insecticide: Used to kill insects • Herbicide: Used to kill weeds

  4. Current Definition of Pesticide From “Pesticide Application Training General Manual” A pesticide can also mean something that controls a pests’ activity or prevents them from causing damage. For example, Deet is considered a pesticide and is the active ingredient in many mosquito repellents.

  5. Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through Pesticides • Host resistance:

  6. Host Resistance • Tomatoes: Celebrity (V,F2,N,T) • Resistant to: • Verticillium Wilt • Race 2 of Fusarium Wilt • Nematodes • Tobacco Mosaic Virus

  7. Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through Pesticides • Host resistance: • Tomatoes - Fusarium Wilt • Biological control: • BT (a bacteria) and Lepidopterous Insects (moths and butterflies)

  8. Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through Pesticides • Host resistance: • Tomatoes - Fusarium Wilt • Biological control: • BT and Lepidopterous Insects • Cultural control: • Rotation • Best for soil-borne immobile pests such as the corn wireworm • Avoid planting closely related crops in succession. For example, muskmelon and squash. • Sanitation: • Remove wilted lilac canes during the fall to control lilac borer

  9. Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through Pesticides • Host resistance: • Tomatoes - Fusarium Wilt • Biological control: • BT and Lepidopterous Insects • Cultural control: • Rotation • Mechanical control: • Landscape fabrics

  10. Proper Use of Pesticides Turfgrass • Avoid getting fertilizer on sidewalks or street • If you DO get fertilizer on sidewalks or street, blow or sweep it back on turf • Water fertilizer in with moderate amount of water • Spray only on calm days • Use soil test so that you don’t add unneeded nutrients

  11. Proper Use of Pesticides Gardens: Reduce or eliminate offsite transport of nutrients and pesticides: • Water fertilizer in with moderate amount of water • Spray only on calm days • Use grass buffers around gardens • Use soil test so that you don’t add unneeded nutrients

  12. Phosphorus • The majority of the soil tests in Kansas show high levels of phosphorus • Excess levels can interfere with the uptake of micronutrients such as iron or zinc. • Does not move well in the soil; binds tightly to soil particles

  13. Preemergence Herbicides • Applied before weeds germinate • Must be watered in

  14. Preemergence Herbicides • Must be watered in • Only kills weed seeds as they germinate

  15. Preemergence Herbicides • Must be watered in • Only kills weed seeds as they germinate • Need some time after application for activation • Primarily used for annual grasses such as crabgrass

  16. Common Preemergence Herbicides • Barricade • Dimension • Pendimethalin • Team • Preen • Treflan

  17. Postemergence Herbicides • Applied after weeds are up

  18. Postemergence Herbicides • Applied after weeds are up • Rain can reduce or eliminate effectiveness

  19. Common Postemergence Herbicides • 2,4-D • Weed-B-Gon • Weed-Out • Trimec products • Turflon products

  20. Preventing Problems: Using Good Seed Look for % other crop seed, % weed seed, and % germination Not so good Good

  21. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  22. Pesticide Application • Identify problem Of all known insects, only 1/10 of 1% are serious pests.

  23. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  24. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  25. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  26. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  27. Pesticide Application • Identify pest

  28. Pesticide Application • Identify pest

  29. Pesticide Application • Identify pest

  30. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  31. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  32. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  33. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  34. Pesticide Application • Identify problem

  35. Pesticide Application • Identify pest • Determine which product, formulation and application method to use • Determine area to be treated if applicable

  36. Determine Area 20' Total: 1800 sq. ft. Wrong Method 40' 50' 20'

  37. Determine Area 15' Total: ~1200 sq. ft. Correct Method 30' 15' 15'x12'/2 =90sq. ft. 40'

  38. Pesticide Application • Determine area • Determine which product, applicator and formulation to use • Calculate how much product should go down on that area.

  39. Pesticide Application • Determine area • Determine which product, applicator and formulation to use • Calculate how much product should go down on that area. • Use recommended settings or calibrate equipment

  40. Pesticide Applicators • Liquid applicators • Hose End Applicator

  41. Pesticide Applicators • Liquid applicators • Hose End Applicator • Hand-held or Backpack Sprayers

  42. Pesticide Applicators • Liquid applicators • Hose End Applicator • Hand-held or Backpack Sprayer • Trombone Sprayer • Up to 140 psi

  43. Pesticide Applicators • Liquid applicators • Hose End Applicator • Hand-held or Backpack Sprayer • Trombone Sprayer • Water Can Applicator

  44. Pesticide Applicators • Liquid applicators • In some instances, a certain amount of pesticide is mixed with a gallon of water. In these cases, no calibration is necessary. By far the most common for homeowners. For example, Roundup mixed at 6 ounces per gallon. • In other cases, a certain amount of product must be applied to a specific area. For example Daconil applied to a lawn at the rate of 8 fluid ounces per 1000 square feet.

  45. Pesticide Applicators • Hose-End Applicators • Concentrate Plus Water Type • Dial Type

  46. Pesticide Applicators • Concentrate Plus Water Type • Add enough pesticide for the gallons to be sprayed • Add water up to the “gallon” level needed

  47. Pesticide Applicators • Dial Type • Add enough pesticide for the gallons to be sprayed • Set dial to apply product at recommended rate

  48. Pesticide Applicators • Liquid applicators • Dry applicators • Drop spreaders • Whirlybird spreaders

  49. Drop Spreader • Relatively easy to calibrate • Takes more time than whirlybird type • Skips extremely obvious, need to go over area 2 times to avoid skips.

  50. Whirlybird Spreader • Difficult to calibrate • Can apply fertilizer relatively quickly • Easier to avoid skips • With right method, only need to go over area one time

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