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Industrialism

Industrialism. “Key Ingredients for Industrialism Pie”. OIL-Edwin Drake Titusville, PA Oil boom By products of refining-gasoline originally thrown away Becomes one of America’s most lucrative exports. Key Ingredients for Pie. STEEL-Bessemer process Coal and Iron abundant

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Industrialism

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  1. Industrialism

  2. “Key Ingredients for Industrialism Pie” • OIL-Edwin Drake • Titusville, PA • Oil boom • By products of refining-gasoline originally thrown away • Becomes one of America’s most lucrative exports

  3. Key Ingredients for Pie • STEEL-Bessemer process • Coal and Iron abundant • Development of steel • Inject Oxygen into Iron-Steel • Uses • Railroads • Farming products

  4. MMMM….PIE • Electricity-Thomas Edison • Wizard on Menlo Park, NJ • His home becomes an invention factory • Westinghouse developed after Edison

  5. Pie! • People • INVENTIONS! • Sholes-Typewriter • Bell and Watson-Telephone • New jobs for women

  6. Age of Rail • Transcontinental railroad • Promontory Point, Utah (Golden Spike) • Time of Civil War 30,000 miles of rail • 6 times that in 1890

  7. Age of Rail • C.F. Dowd • World 24 Zones • Nov. 18, 1883-sycronized • Birth of towns • Western Expansion

  8. Opportunities • Iron, steel, coal, lumber and glass • Birth of towns-Necessities • Pullman car-Sleeper Cars • Pullman’s treatment of workers-Towns

  9. Rail in the “Golden Age of Laissez-Faire” • Credit Mobilier • Construction Co. set up by Union Pacific • Charged too much and “donated” shares to representatives in Congress • Union Pacific had taken about $23 million Greed, deception w/ prices also rails allowed to do what it “needs to do” after being given government land

  10. Vanderbilt • Cornelius Vanderbilt owned “New York Central” • Helped to popularize steel rails • His personal wealth valued at close to $100 Million • Donated a million to found Vanderbilt University in Tennessee

  11. Was “Necessity the Mother of Invention?” What was similar in the “stories” of each inventor? Industrialism Dinner Party: Two Follow-ups

  12. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry? • Carnegie • Came to America from Scotland • Rags to riches • PRR-private secretary of Superintendent • Practices that made him a success • Searched for a cheap way to produce • New machinery and techniques • Attracted talent w/ stock options • Vertical and horizontal integration • US STEEL sale made him first Billionaire

  13. John D. Rockefeller • Rockefeller-Standard Oil • Similar to Carnegie • “If you can’t beat’em, join’em” • Joined in Trust Agreement • Turned their stock into group of trustees • In return, companies were entitled to dividends on profits • Not legal merger • Controlled 1870-2-3% of Refining business and 90% of refining business in 1890 • Low wages-sold lower and then would raise prices • Called ROBBER BARON-but gave away a lot of money • $500 million funded University of Chicago medical institute

  14. Origins of Regulation • Grassroots Movements-The Grange • Farmer organization • Angered by misuse of land grants • Munn v. Illinois • Individual Citizens-Muckrakers • i.e. Jacob Riis • Groups of Citizens-Unions • American Federation of Labor

  15. Why? • Government very reluctant to regulate • Didn’t have a history of regulation • Many measures were not effective • Interstate Commerce Act (1887) • Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

  16. Birth of Major Labor Unions • Why was there a need? • Problems included: Low wages, long hours, equal pay and child labor. • Government did not regulate business effectively

  17. Why Unionize? • What are some of the reasons someone would want to join a Union? • Modern Example • NEA-PSEA • Giant in Springfield

  18. Major Unions and Leaders • National Labor Union (NLU) (Sylvis leader) • Knights of Labor (Stephens then Powderly • American Federation of Labor (AFL) • American Railway Union (ARU) • Eugene V. Debs leader • International Workers of the World aka “Wobblies” (IWW)

  19. This will lead to Violence • Great Strike of 1877 • Haymarket Affair (1886) • Homestead Strike (1893) • Pullman Strike (1893)

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