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Industrialism & Social Theory

Industrialism & Social Theory. Marx. Smith. Ideas, Problems & Solutions. Malthus. Ricardo. Owen. Bentham. 19 th c. Industrial Society Develops. GB Textiles + other consumer products + Machines + Global instability + British Navy dominance = GB dominates

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Industrialism & Social Theory

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  1. Industrialism & Social Theory Marx Smith Ideas, Problems & Solutions Malthus Ricardo Owen Bentham

  2. 19th c. Industrial Society Develops GB Textiles + other consumer products + Machines + Global instability + British Navy dominance = GB dominates Continental Europe grows slowly Belgium, France & German states Population boom + Urban Migration = Blight Enclosure = Large landowners benefit Technology = RR + machines Δ life!

  3. 19th c. Changes in Work Expanding workforce, also “working poor” Wage Labor= Owners own & direct production for maximum profit Proletarianization = work becomes impersonal & dehumanized Luddite rebellion in GB Standardization of products = ↓ cost + consistency of quality Gender separation + Child Labor + ↓ Family Men skilled / Women unskilled / domestic

  4. 19th c. Marriage Young women work: Earn $, meet men, less supervision,  illegitimate births Marriage Roles = Man as Provider & Women as Homemaker (traditional) Separate gender-based “spheres” Manage home affairs, side work, raise kids Reflection on man’s worth and ability as “provider” If Wife can stay home = ?? If wife HAS to work = ?? Concept of “beauty” = skinny vs plump??

  5. 19th c. Social Problems Crime  >> professional police (“cop”) Desire for ORDER & STABILTY Prison System: HARSH Men, women, kids housed together Horrible conditions, care by outsiders Hulks = prison ships to “transport” GB to Australia / France to Devil’s Island to penal colony = remove from society Reform movements: Rehab flaws focus Auburn, Philadelphia & Pentonville system = cell, silence & reflection

  6. What Social Theories Develop in Response to Industrialism’ s Problems?

  7. Classical Economics • Adam Smith…Wealth of Nations • Capitalism = private property & control of “means of production” • Economic growth via free enterprise • Individualism • The “marketplace” should dictate • Laissez-faire = government “hands off” • Government’s duty? • Sound currency… Low taxes & tariffs • Protect property

  8. Market Forces: Supply & Demand

  9. Classical Economics • Thomas Malthus… Principle of Population • Population ↑ faster than food supply • Famine, war + disease keep population in check • Poor should have less children

  10. Classical Economics • David Ricardo • Principles of Political Economy • Advocated currency backed by precious metal • Advocated free competition • Labor determines value of product / service • Comparative Advantage: Specialization • Iron Law of Wages • Wages determined by supply-demand of labor • ↑↑ wages > more kids > more workers > ↓↓wages • Wages naturally drift to minimum level

  11. Government Policy • GB & F & others follow ‘classical’ economic models in early 1800s… a Liberal idea • G states create “Zollverein” • Free trade w/in German speaking area (No Aus) • GB + Jeremy Bentham • Utilitarianism = Greatest good for greatest number • 1833 Slavery abolished – W. Wilburforce • 1834 Poor Law • Poverty relief via Workhouses… stigma? • 1846 repeal Corn Laws… remove tariffs

  12. Reforming Industrial Society • Utopian Socialism • Creating ideal / model community • Henri Saint-Simon (F) • Management by experts, not private individuals • Robert Owen (GB) • Environmental psychology • Provide the best … living + working conditions, education… • New Lanark (GB) & New Harmony (USA)… results? • Charles Fourier (F) • Phalanx community…freedom… change tasks often • Louis Blanc (F) • State controlled economy + working class suffrage

  13. Reforming Industrial Society… Radical Ideas • Anarchism… • AugusteBlanqui • Rejection of capitalism & government • Revolution! • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon • Anti-banking >> Credit for all • Mutualism... Community over the Individual • Community co-ops

  14. Reforming Industrial Society… Radical Ideas • Marxism >> Communism • Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels (G) • Communist Manifesto • Class struggle… • Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie • Workers Should Control of Means of Production • Revolution of Proletariat >> • Dictatorship of Proletariat >> • Communist Society • No government, no social classes, no “establishment”

  15. 1848: A Revolutionary Year • Identify the locations of key revolts aka “Hot Spots” of 1848 • Create “Thought Bubble” for each • Bullet point significant info for each area such as leader, goal, vocabulary, documents, outcome • Summarize the causes and effects of the Revolutions of 1848 across Europe

  16. Create this Bubble Map

  17. Add significant details & Prepare to Write

  18. FRQ QUICK “1848 is considered to be a ‘revolutionary’ year” Evaluate the validity of the above statement. Cite (3) revolutionary occurrences of 1848 as evidence.

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