1. RELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Výukový materiál EK 01 - 01 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

2. ecology: • deals with mutual relations between organisms and the environment • ecologic factors: • a) abiotic factors • b) biologic factors RELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THEENVIRONMENT

3. it includes influences of abiotic environment • climatic: • light, heat, precipitation, atmosphere • topographic: • geographic location, altitude, relief • edaphic: • soil features ABIOTIC FACTORS

4. stress factors = stressors: • unfavourable influences of the external environment • they endanger plants • tolerance of plants: • different ability to endure influences of the external environment • ecological amplitude of the species: • the scale of tolerance to a particular factor ABIOTIC FACTORS

5. ecological amplitude of the species: • euryec – species with broad ecological amplitude • stenoec – species with narrow ecological amplitude • e.g. goosegrass species has broad ecological amplitude ABIOTIC FACTORS

6. light and heat • only a small part of radiation is used by plants for the photosynthesis jen malé množství záření 1 – 2 %!!! • e.g.. photosynthetical active radiation (PHAR) > wave-length 400 – 700 nm • according to the adaptation of leaves to the light conditions: • a) heliophila (sun-loving plants) – Mexican needle grass (Stina tenuissima), English sundew (Drosera anglica) • b) shadow-loving plants –wood sorrel, ferns ENERGETIC FACTORS

7. temperature – an important factor • plants in the mild zone can stand the temperature between – 5o C and + 50o C > eurytherm plants • stenotherm plants: • they live in extreme conditions • algae in hot springs • algae in snow or ice fields ENERGETIC FACTORS

8. oxygen: • 21 % • reduced content of oxygen > limiting factor for the growth of roots • carbon dioxide: • 0,036 % • the only direct source of oxygen for the production of biomass • input into the atmosphere > soil breathing, breathing of living plants, fungi and animals ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS

9. pollution of the atmosphere • the conclusion of the human economic activity • emission • imission • water: • it has a very fast circulation in ecosystems • hydrophyta – water lily • hygrophyta – yellow flag (yellow iris) • mezzophyta – bluegrass • xerophyta – succulents ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS

10. more stable environment than atmosphere • rhizosphere: • soil space attached to plant roots • influenced by root excretion • it influences the soil quality • it depends on: • supply and a accessibility of nutrients • pH • the amount of nitrogen • water supplementation • aerating SOIL FACTORS

11. oligotrophic– pine tree • mezzotrophic – grass • eutrophic – snowdrop, Turk´s cap lily • soil acidity –pH values • acidophyta – blueberry • neutrophyta – the most of our plants • alcalophyta – wall rue (asplenium ruta) SOIL FACTORS

12. RELATIONS IN THE EXOSYSTEM

14. WORKSHEET

15. WORKSHEET COMPLETE THIS

16. KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716-8947-5. SOURCES