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Worlds Apart

Worlds Apart. Pre-Columbian America and Europe. I. Native America. Myths & Realities. A. Ice-age people. 1. Jose de Acosta 2. Pleistocene Epoch migration 60,000-15,000 BCE. B . Climatic diversification . Folsom technology Desert nomadism Forest efficiency. II. Regional Cultures.

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Worlds Apart

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  1. Worlds Apart Pre-Columbian America and Europe

  2. I. Native America Myths & Realities

  3. A. Ice-age people 1. Jose de Acosta 2. Pleistocene Epoch migration 60,000-15,000 BCE

  4. B. Climatic diversification • Folsom technology • Desert nomadism • Forest efficiency

  5. II. Regional Cultures

  6. A. Agriculture 1. Complexity - population growth - gender roles: production & reproduction

  7. 2. Urbanization 3000 BCE – 1200 CE - Anasazi Hopi, Zuni, Pueblos - Mississippian “mound builders” Ecological instabilityBottle Creek

  8. B. On the eve of colonization • N. America- decentralization Southwest - Pueblos, Pimas Southeast - Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee Northeast - Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca

  9. C. & S. America- Aztecs, Incas

  10. In 1492… - 2000 distinct cultures 60M ? - North America 7-10M ? …Western Hemisphere had been “prepared” for invasion.

  11. European Expansion and the Columbian Exchange Colonization of the New and Old Worlds, 1500 - 1763

  12. I. Europe looks outward

  13. A. Science enthroned • Reason and nature- Renaissance • Imperial Ecology Prince Henry

  14. 3. Small world

  15. B. Nation-State 1. Reformation and war 1535-1648 Peace of Westphalia 1648

  16. 2. Absolute monarchy 1500s - 1700s James I (England) Louis XIV (France) Elizabeth I (England) Philip II (Spain) Peter the Great (Russia) Catherine the Great (Russia) Frederick the Great (Prussia) Gustavus Adolphus (Sweden)

  17. 3. Mercantilism “zero-sum” game joint stock companies

  18. II. Globalization The Consequences of Colonization

  19. A. Atlantic Economy 1. Portuguese Empire

  20. 2. “New World” slavery

  21. B. The Columbian Exchange • Ecological Imperialism- success of Old World flora/fauna • The microbial exchange1492 7-10M1900 250K

  22. 3. Era of Western dominance (Modernity) - safety valve - commodities - economics of addiction tobacco, coffee, tea, sugar

  23. C. Debating colonization 1. Pro Richard Hakluyt Jean Baptiste Colbert - spurred domestic growth - strengthened national position - empowered “absolute” monarchs

  24. 2. Con Bartolomè de Las Casas 1590s - Jesuit critique Comte de Buffon 1770s - frontier debased humanity, civilization

  25. Conclusion… 1) Native societies prepared New World for invasion 2) Modern Europe driven to expand 3) Advantages of colonization outweighed moral or intellectual objections

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