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Virus Structure and Method of Invasion

Virus Structure and Method of Invasion. Higher Biology. Introduction to viruses. Obligate parasites Specific to type of cells they target - poliomylelitis virus attacks nerve cells - hepatitis virus attacks liver cells Reproduction is their only true characteristic of being alive

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Virus Structure and Method of Invasion

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  1. Virus Structure and Method of Invasion Higher Biology

  2. Introduction to viruses • Obligate parasites • Specific to type of cells they target -poliomylelitis virus attacks nerve cells -hepatitis virus attacks liver cells • Reproduction is their only true characteristic of being alive • Much smaller than bacteria (20-300nm)

  3. Viral Structure • Not a cell! • DNA or RNA (retrovirus) • Surrounded by protective protein coat (capsid) • Genetic material carries information for multiplication • Hijacks biochemical machinery of host cell to carry these processes out

  4. Bacteriophage

  5. Invasion of a cell by a virus • Virus can lie dormant for many years until it comes into contact with a suitable host cell • Binds with molecules on surface of host cell • Herpes -whole virus enters cell • Bacteriophage -viral DNA injected via hollow tail

  6. Alteration of Cell Instruction • Virus takes control of cell machinery • Depends on host for -ATP -supply of free nucleotides • Virus suppresses cell’s normal nucleic acid replication and protein synthesis • Manufactures many identical copies of viral nucleic acid and protein coats

  7. New viral particles become assembled and become released by: • Lysis -viral nucleic acid used to synthesise lysis enzymes -bursting of host cell to release viral particles OR 2. Buds contaning virus are formed

  8. Retrovirus • Contains RNA • No DNA to transcribe into mRNA • Reverse transcriptase injected into cell by virus with RNA -enzyme reverses normal transcription -Produces viral DNA from RNA -Virus uses DNA to replicate

  9. Some video clips • Bacteriophage entering a cell • HIV replication

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