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Pregnancy and Fetal Nutrition

Pregnancy and Fetal Nutrition. Placenta Development. Develops in early days of pregnancy Amniotic sac- “bag of water” Umbilical cord- route of nourishment and oxygen Performs respiratory, absorptive, and excretory functions. Energy Needs. 300 extra calories during 2 nd and 3 rd trimester

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Pregnancy and Fetal Nutrition

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  1. Pregnancy and Fetal Nutrition

  2. Placenta Development • Develops in early days of pregnancy • Amniotic sac- “bag of water” • Umbilical cord- route of nourishment and oxygen • Performs respiratory, absorptive, and excretory functions

  3. Energy Needs • 300 extra calories during 2nd and 3rd trimester • More: teenagers, underweight, physically active • Choose healthy

  4. Protein • 10g more daily than RDA • Most Americans get more protein than needed • Avoid supplements

  5. Essential Fatty Acids • Omega-3 and omega-6 • Brain growth, function, and structure • Include seafood in diet

  6. Folate • Supplements, fortified foods, and • Fruits • Juices • Green vegetables • Whole grains • .4 mg daily • Prevents neural tube defects (NTD)

  7. B12 • Activates folate enzyme • Meat • Fish • Eggs • Milk products

  8. Iron • Supports enlarged blood volume • Fetus draws from iron stores of mom to build its own • 4-6 months worth • Meats • Fortified grain products

  9. Enhancing Iron Absorption • Take supplement during 2nd and 3rd trimester • Do not take with milk, coffee or tea • Inhibits iron absorption • Take with Vitamin C rich foods

  10. Zinc • DNA / RNA synthesis • Protein synthesis, cell development • Dairy products, beans, whole grain cereals

  11. Vitamin D • Calcium absorption • Rickets in fetus • Exposure to sunlight • Vitamin D fortified milk

  12. Calcium • Need more than 600 mg daily • Milk • Cheese • Yogurt • Can take supplement

  13. Nutrient Supplements • Multivitamin recommended • High risk groups • Multiple fetuses • Cigarette smokers • Alcohol and drug abusers • Help reduce: • Preterm delivery, low birth weights, birth defects

  14. Good Eating During Pregnancy • Milk Group- 3 servings • Meat Group- 3 servings • Fruit Group- 3 servings • Vegetable Group- 4 servings • Bread Group- 9 servings • Fats, Oils, Sweets- use sparingly

  15. 1 Day Menu • Create a 1 day menu for a pregnant woman and follow the serving recommendations • Your menu must include: • Breakfast • Lunch • Afternoon Snack • Dinner • Bedtime Snack • Be sure to include color illustrations

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