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Cell Division and Reproduction: The Process and Importance

Explore the process of cell division and its significance in growth, replacement, and repair. Discover the stages of mitosis and cytokinesis in the cell cycle.

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Cell Division and Reproduction: The Process and Importance

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  1. Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction

  2. Why do cells go through cell division? • To grow • Organisms grow by ADDING more cells • To replace dead cells • All cells will die so they need to be replaced • To replace damaged cells • Cells will be damaged by injury (cut)

  3. Definition of Cell Division • Cell division is the process of one cell dividing into two identical daughter cells

  4. DNA - Hereditary Material • DNA is stored in a eukaryotic cells nucleus • Plant cells • Animal cells

  5. What is Chromatin? • Loose (stringy) DNA in a cells nucleus is called chromatin • DNA before cell division • DNA ‘hanging out’

  6. Chromosome doubles • Chromatin condenses (shrinks up) and doubles just before cell division • This forms a chromosome (X). X X

  7. What is a Chromosome? • A chromosome is a structure made up of DNA and protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

  8. Cell Cycle • The cell cycle is the period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next. • The cell cycle has 3 parts: • Interphase See cycle on page 155 • Mitosis • Cytokinesis

  9. 1. Interphase • First part of the cell cycle • Time in between cell divisions • Cell is on vacation • Longest phase. Most time is spent in interphase • At end, chromatin (stringy) doubles into a chromosome (X)

  10. Mitosis • Second part of the cell cycle • Makes 2 new identical nuclei • Has 4 steps: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  11. 2. Prophase • First step of mitosis • Chromatin in nucleus coils into chromosomes (X’s) • Nuclear membrane begins to disappear

  12. 3. Metaphase • Second step of mitosis • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell • Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes

  13. 4. Anaphase • Third step of mitosis • Chromosomes separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell

  14. 5. Telophase • Final step of mitosis • Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes • Chromosomes unwind to form chromatin • Mitosis ends

  15. 6. Cytokinesis • Final part of the cell cycle • Makes 2 new identical daughter cells • Shortest phase • END of the cell cycle

  16. Cell Cycle • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase Mitosis • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis

  17. Cell Cycle Mnemonic • Write a mnemonic for cell division • (Ex. King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk.) • I • P • M Add a COLORED • A picture • T • C

  18. Cell Cycle Mnemonic • I • Played • Music • At • The • Concert

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