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Introduction to Cisco ASA Security Appliances and Basic Configuration Tasks

This chapter provides an introduction to Cisco's Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) product family, detailing their features and hardware configurations. Covering various models from the compact ASA 5505 for small offices to the robust ASA 5580 for large enterprise networks, it highlights the unified operating system, supported hardware modules, and unique security features like stateful firewall capabilities, VPN options, and intrusion prevention systems. This guide aims to equip users with essential knowledge for effective implementation and monitoring of ASA security appliances.

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Introduction to Cisco ASA Security Appliances and Basic Configuration Tasks

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  1. I Introductionto ASASecurity AppliancesandBasic ConfigurationTasks 1

  2. 1 ASAProductFamily 3

  3. 4 CiscoASAConfiguration HISCHAPTERINTRODUCESTHEFEATURESANDHARDWAREOFCISCO’SADAPTIVESECURITY APPLIANCE(ASA)PRODUCTLINE.THETOPICSINCLUDE ▼FEATURESOFTHEASA,INCLUDINGTHEOPERATINGSYSTEM,SECURITYALGORITHM, REDUNDANCY,ANDOTHERS T THEHARDWAREOFTHEASAPRODUCTLINE,INCLUDINGTHEMODELS,SUPPORTED HARDWAREMODULES(CARDS),ANDLICENSING ▲ ASAFEATURES CISCO’SASAISASETOFSTATEFULSECURITYAPPLIANCESRANGINGFROMTHEMODEL5505,WHICH ISDESIGNEDFORSMALLOFFICE,HOMEOFFICE(SOHO)ENVIRONMENTS,TOTHE5580,WHICHIS DESIGNEDFORLARGEENTERPRISENETWORKSANDISPSITES.ALLOFTHESEPRODUCTSUSETHESAME OPERATINGSYSTEMANDMANAGEMENTTOOLS,EASINGYOURIMPLEMENTATIONANDMONITORING TASKS.BECAUSEALLTHESECURITYAPPLIANCESUSETHESAMEOPERATINGSYSTEM,THEMAJORDIF- FERENCESBETWEENTHEMODELSPRIMARILYCONCERNSCALABILITYANDPERFORMANCE. THEASAFAMILYOFPRODUCTS(ANDTHEIROLDERSIBLINGS,THEPIXPRODUCTS)CANBESTBE DESCRIBEDASHYBRIDFIREWALLS.CISCO,HOWEVER,DOESNOTLIKETOUSETHETERM“FIREWALL”TO DESCRIBETHEASAANDPIXPRODUCTFAMILY.INSTEAD,CISCOPREFERSUSINGTHETERM“SECURITY APPLIANCE,”MAINLYBECAUSETHEASAPRODUCTSANDTHEPRODUCTSTHEYREPLACED,THEPIX PRODUCTS,ARENOTJUSTSTATEFULFIREWALLS;THEYALSOSUPPORTMANYOTHERSECURITYFEATURES, INCLUDING SECURE,REAL-TIME,PROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEM STATEFULFIREWALLUSINGTHECISCOSECURITYALGORITHM(SA) SEQUENCENUMBERRANDOMIZATION(SNR)TOSECURETCPCONNECTIONS CUT-THROUGHPROXY(CTP)FORAUTHENTICATINGTELNET,HTTP,ANDFTPCONNECTIONS DEFAULTSECURITYPOLICIESTOENSUREMAXIMUMPROTECTION,ASWELLASTHEABILITY TOCUSTOMIZETHESEPOLICIESANDBUILDYOUROWNPOLICIES VIRTUALPRIVATENETWORK(VPN)ABILITIES:IPSEC,SSL,ANDL2TP INTRUSIONDETECTIONANDPREVENTIONSYSTEMS(IDSANDIPS) ADDRESSTRANSLATIONUSINGDYNAMICANDSTATICNETWORKANDPORTADDRESS TRANSLATION STATEFULREDUNDANCYOFCONNECTIONSANDVPNSBETWEENTWOSECURITYAPPLIANCES VIRTUALIZATIONOFPOLICIESUSINGCONTEXTS ▼ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ▲ THISISJUSTASMALLLISTOFSOMEMAJORFEATURESOFTHESECURITYAPPLIANCES.THEFOL- LOWINGSECTIONSPROVIDEANOVERVIEWOFSOMEOFTHESEFEATURES.THEFEATURESTHATIDON’T BRIEFLYCOVERINTHISCHAPTERARECOVEREDINSUBSEQUENTCHAPTERS.

  4. 5 Chapter1: ASAProductFamily NOTETHROUGHOUTTHEBOOK,WHENEVERTHETERMS“SECURITYAPPLIANCE”OR“APPLIANCE”AREUSED,THEY REFERTOBOTHTHEASAANDPIXPRODUCTSUNLESSOTHERWISENOTED. OPERATINGSYSTEM THEOPERATINGSYSTEM(VERSION7ANDLATER)YOUCURRENTLYSEEONTHEASAAPPLIANCESAND ONTHEPIX515ANDHIGHERAPPLIANCESISBASEDONTHEPIXFINESSEOPERATINGSYSTEM (FOS).THEFOSISAPROPRIETARY,STAND-ALONEOPERATINGSYSTEM.ITIMPLEMENTSTHEAC- TUALSECURITYFUNCTIONSTHATTHESECURITYAPPLIANCEHARDWAREPERFORMS.INTHISSENSE,IT ISSOMEWHATSIMILARTOTHEINTERNETWORKOPERATINGSYSTEM(IOS)OFCISCOROUTERSAND SWITCHES,ORWHATTHEMICROSOFTWINDOWSXPORLINUXOPERATINGSYSTEMSARETOPCS. CISCONOLONGERUSESTHETERMFOSTODESCRIBETHEOPERATINGSYSTEM,THOUGH.STARTING INVERSION7ANDLATER,CISCOREFERSTOTHESECURITYAPPLIANCEOPERATINGSYSTEMASJUSTTHE “OPERATINGSYSTEM.” NOTEEVENTHOUGHCISCO’SPIXAPPLIANCESARENOLONGERFORSALE,WHICHCISCODENOTESASEND- OF-SALE(EOS),THEPIX515SANDHIGHERSUPPORTTHESAMEOPERATINGSYSTEMASTHEASAS.THEMAIN DIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEPIXSANDASASISTHATTHELOWER-ENDPIX501AND506EDONOTSUPPORTVERSION 7ANDLATEROFTHEOS,ANDNONEOFTHEPIXSSUPPORTSSSLVPNS.THISBOOKFOCUSESONTHEUSEOFTHE ASAS;HOWEVER,THETOPICSDISCUSSEDCANBEEQUALLYAPPLIEDTOTHEPIXSINMOSTSITUATIONS. FIREWALLAPPLICATIONS SOMEFIREWALLPRODUCTSRUNONTOPOFANOPERATINGSYSTEM;THESESOLUTIONSARECOMMONLY CALLEDFIREWALLAPPLICATIONS.ONEDISADVANTAGETHATFIREWALLAPPLICATIONSHAVECOMPARED WITHAPROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMISTHATTHEFIREWALLVENDORMUSTDEALWITHTWOSOFT- WAREPRODUCTSINCREATINGAFIREWALL:THEOPERATINGSYSTEMANDTHEFIREWALLAPPLICATION. THISPROCESSCANOFTENLEADTOALESSSECURESYSTEM.THISISESPECIALLYTRUEWHENYOUCON- SIDERALLTHESECURITYTHREATSTHATHAVEBEENDIRECTEDSPECIFICALLYATUNIXANDMICROSOFT OPERATINGSYSTEMS. ANEXAMPLEOFAFIREWALLPRODUCTTHATUSESFIREWALLAPPLICATIONSISCHECKPOINT.THISIS NOTTOSAYTHATCHECKPOINT’SFIREWALLISAWORSESOLUTIONTHANAFIREWALLPRODUCTTHATUSES APROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEM.HOWEVER,AFIREWALLVENDORLIKECHECKPOINTWILLHAVETO DOMANYMORETHINGSTOENSURETHATTHEFIREWALLAPPLICATIONANDOPERATINGSYSTEMPROVIDE ASECURESOLUTION.(NOTETHATCHECKPOINT’SNEXT-GENERATIONPRODUCT,SECUREPLATFORM1,IS MOVINGAWAYFROMTHISAPPROACHANDMOVINGTOWARDANINTEGRATEDSOLUTION.) THEMAINPROBLEMWITHAFIREWALLAPPLICATIONSOLUTIONISTHATTHEVENDORNOTONLYHAS TOPROVIDEASECUREFIREWALLAPPLICATION,BUTMUSTALSOSECURETHEOPERATINGSYSTEMITRUNS ON.HOWEVER,FIREWALLAPPLICATIONSDOPROVIDETWOADVANTAGES: THEYTENDTOBEEASYTOINSTALLANDMAINTAIN. THEYRUNONAWIDEVARIETYOFPC/SERVERPLATFORMS. ▼ ▲

  5. 6 CiscoASAConfiguration PROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEM PROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMSPROVIDEASECURITYADVANTAGEOVERFIREWALLAPPLICATIONS—A PROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMVENDORHASTOBECONCERNEDABOUTONLYONESYSTEM,INSTEAD OFTWO,INPROVIDINGASECUREFIREWALLSOLUTION.ANOTHERHUGEADVANTAGEOFPROPRIETARY OPERATINGSYSTEMSISSCALABILITY.BECAUSEAPROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMCANBECUSTOM- IZEDTOASPECIFICHARDWAREPLATFORM,THISFIREWALLSYSTEMCANPROVIDEEXTREMELYFASTPACK- ETFILTERINGABILITIESANDSECURITYCAPABILITIES. OFF-THE-SHELFOPERATINGSYSTEMSLIKEUNIXANDMICROSOFTWINDOWSAREGENERAL- PURPOSEOPERATINGSYSTEMSTHATWEREDEVELOPEDTOPERFORMMANYTASKS,NOTALLOFWHICH AREPERFORMEDATANOPTIMALLEVEL.USINGAGENERALOPERATINGSYSTEMDECREASESTHEPER- FORMANCEOFTHEPACKETFILTERINGANDFIREWALLFUNCTIONSOFTHEFIREWALLAPPLICATION.TO PROVIDEFORSCALABILITY,YOUMUSTLOADYOURFIREWALLAPPLICATIONONVERYEXPENSIVESERVER PLATFORMS. USINGAPROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMINAFIREWALLSOLUTIONALSOMAKESITMUCHMORE DIFFICULTFORHACKERSTOPENETRATETHEFIREWALL.ATTACKERSAREFAMILIARWITHTHEFUNCTIONSOF COMMONOPERATINGSYSTEMSLIKEUNIXANDMICROSOFTPRODUCTS,WHICHMAKESITALITTLEBIT EASIERFORTHEMTOATTACKTHEFIREWALLAPPLICATION.HOWEVER,WHENVENDORSUSEAPROPRI- ETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMTOIMPLEMENTTHEIRFIREWALLSOLUTION,ANATTACKERWILLHAVELITTLE ORNOKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHEFUNCTIONSANDPROCESSESOFTHEOPERATINGSYSTEM,MAKINGIT VERYDIFFICULTFORTHEATTACKERTOCOMPROMISETHEFIREWALLSOLUTION. USINGAPROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMHASSOMEDISADVANTAGES.FIRST,BECAUSETHEOP- ERATINGSYSTEMISPROPRIETARY,YOURSECURITYPERSONNELWILLHAVETOLEARNTHENEWSYSTEM. MANYOFYOURPERSONNELWILLALREADYHAVEEXPERIENCEWITHUNIXORMICROSOFTWINDOWS, ANDTHUSTHEIRLEARNINGCURVEINIMPLEMENTINGTHESOLUTIONWILLBESHORTENED. NOTEWHENYOUAREUSINGANUNDERLYINGPROPRIETARYOPERATINGSYSTEMSUCHASCISCO’SSECURITY APPLIANCES,THEADMINISTRATORISUNABLETOINTERACTWITHTHEUNDERLYINGOS. ALSO,BECAUSEFIREWALLAPPLICATIONSAREDEVELOPEDFORASPECIFICOPERATINGSYSTEM PLATFORMLIKEUNIXORMICROSOFTWINDOWS,YOURSECURITYPERSONNELWILLALREADYBEFA- MILIARWITHTHEINTERFACETHATISEMPLOYEDBYTHEFIREWALL.AGOODEXAMPLEOFTHISIS CHECKPOINT’SFIREWALLSOLUTION—ITHASAVERYGOOD,INTUITIVEGUIINTERFACE,WHICHMAKES CONFIGURATIONEASYANDALSOREDUCESTHELIKELIHOODOFMAKINGMISTAKESANDOPENINGUP UNINTENDEDHOLESINYOURFIREWALLSYSTEM. HEREARESOMEOFTHEMAINADVANTAGESOFUSINGPROPRIETARYOSSFORFIREWALLS: THEYTENDTOBEMORESECURETHANFIREWALLAPPLICATIONS. THEYPROVIDEFORBETTERSCALABILITYANDPACKETFILTERINGSPEEDSBECAUSETHE OPERATINGSYSTEMISCUSTOMIZEDDIRECTLYTOWORKWITHSPECIFICHARDWARE. ▼ ▲ ASAMANAGEMENT BECAUSETHESECURITYAPPLIANCESUSETHESAMEOPERATINGSYSTEM,THECONFIGURATIONOF CISCO’SASASANDPIXSISSIMPLIFIED.YOUHAVEACHOICEOFTHREEMETHODSTOCONFIGURE YOURSECURITYAPPLIANCE:

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