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Renewable Energy and Data Centres

Renewable Energy and Data Centres. Sherif Akoush 2 June 2008. Quotes (Global Warming). “Eleven of the last twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the twelve warmest years” “... is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations”

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Renewable Energy and Data Centres

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  1. Renewable Energy and Data Centres Sherif Akoush 2 June 2008

  2. Quotes (Global Warming) • “Eleven of the last twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the twelve warmest years” • “... is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations” • “...many natural systems are being affected by regional climate changes” • IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007 • “‘four degree world’ spells potential disaster” • World Development Movement - Two degrees of separation, November 2007

  3. Quotes (IT Power Consumption) • “ICT industry produces 2% of global CO2 emissions” • “23% out of it from data centres” • Gartner - Gartner's Data Centre Summit 2007, 22-24 October, London • "About 10% of the UK's total energy consumption currently relates to power running through IT equipment“ • Richard Barrington, head of Public Policy for Sun UK and Ireland and UK government advisor - ICT Forum Wales 2007 • “Servers operate most of the time at between 10 and 50 percent of their maximum utilization levels” • Google - The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing, December 2007 • “It is estimated that 40% to 70% of the operating costs for a data center are power and cooling” • Dell – VMWorld 2007

  4. Quotes (IT Going Green) • “BT currently uses over 0.7% of the UK's electricity consumption” • “Over the next 9 years (2016), we plan to build wind farms that will yield 25% of BT's electricity needs.” • BT • “Our goal is to produce ONE GW of renewable energy capacity that is cheaper than coal.” • 1.6 MW solar power to provide 30% of Google's peak electricity demand in Mountain View headquarter • Google • Microsoft Unveils Wind Powered Virtual Earth 3D Data Lab in Colorado • Microsoft

  5. What Percentage of Energy Actually Does Productive Work?

  6. Quotes Summary Green = Efficient Computing = Less Cost

  7. Outline • Wind Power • Mobile Data Centres • Cloud Computing • A Simulator

  8. Wind Power • Renewable and Clean • Available Widely • 94.1 GW Worldwide • 2.3 GW UK • 72 TW Theoretical potential • Onshore or Offshore • Wind Turbine • 100 ~110 m Rotor Diameter • 80 ~ 100 m Hub Height • 1.5 ~ 3.6 MW • Wind Intermittency Problem

  9. One Site – Northern Scotland • Northern Scotland Site • 9.9 m/s Yearly Wind Speed Average* • 1 1.5 MW GE Wind Turbine • 825 KWh year 2006 • Not Constant • 285.1 KWh Standard Deviation * Met Office - MIDAS Land Surface Station Data

  10. One Site – Northern Scotland

  11. 19 Sites – Across UK • 19 Sites Geographically Disperse • Based on High Average Wind Speed • One 1.5 MW GE Wind Turbine • 11.1 MWh Year 2006 • 584.5 KWh Per Site • Constant? • 86.6 KWh Standard Deviation

  12. 19 Sites – Across UK

  13. Job Migration • Move Jobs Near Power • Virtualization • XenMotion Live Migration • 100-150ms • VMWare VMotion • Suspend/Resume • Assume 150 Wh per job • Initial Energy 12.8 MWh

  14. Sustainability in the Year 2006 Excess in Power Generated 40% of Year 2006

  15. Data Centres in a Box • Data Centre in Standard Shipping Containers • Very High-density Computing • 250 Systems in 20 feet Shipping Container • Commercial Examples • IBM Scalable modular data center • Rackable ICE Cube™ Modular Data Center • Sun Modular Datacenter S20 (project Blackbox) • Dell Insight • Verari Forest Container Solution • Connect Power, Chilled Water, Networking • Virtually Deployed Anywhere • Scalable

  16. Data Centres in a Box Sun Modular Data Centers Pictures

  17. Cloud Computing • Massive Network of “Cloud Servers“ • Virtualization to Maximize Computing Power Per Server • No Need to Install Software and Manually Setup Systems • Clicks to Add/Remove Systems • Pay Only for What You Use • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) (infrastructure provider) • www.amazon.com/ec2 • Simple Storage Service (S3) • SimpleDB • Google App Engine (framework provider) • Web Applications - Python • Automatic Scaling

  18. Amazon Trial SLA Requirements (Max – Min) -NB Requests -Response Time Running VM Apache+CGI Requests Load Optimizer 1 Running VM Apache+CGI Running VM Apache+CGI . . . S3 (storage service) VM Disk image Running VM Apache+CGI

  19. System Architecture Measurements (Power/Performance) Optimizer (transition cost) Actions: Suspend Migrate Add/Remove SLA (New?) Power Models Workload Models

  20. A Simulator • Energy Supply • Wind • Solar • Coal • Temperature? • Work Load Demand • Request/Response • Long Lived Connections • Infrastructure • Network • Bandwidth • End to End Latency • End to End Performance Measurements

  21. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 00:00 AM

  22. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 06:00 AM

  23. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 12:00 PM

  24. Wind + Solar 5/1/2007 6:00 PM

  25. Clouds 5/1/2007 6:00 PM

  26. Questions

  27. Thank You Sherif.Akoush@cl.cam.ac.uk

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