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Field Trip to Maycomb

Field Trip to Maycomb. Supplemental Notes. 13 th Amendment. Passed in 1865 Outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude (except as punishment for a convicted crime). 14 th Amendment. Passed in 1868 “all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States”

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Field Trip to Maycomb

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  1. Field Trip to Maycomb Supplemental Notes

  2. 13th Amendment • Passed in 1865 • Outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude (except as punishment for a convicted crime)

  3. 14th Amendment • Passed in 1868 • “all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States” • States cannot deny citizenship, equal protection or life, liberty or property to anyone (without the due process of law)

  4. Plessy v. Ferguson • Supreme Court ruling decided in 1896 • Began in Louisiana in 1892 when Homer Plessy, a biracial man (1/8 African American), refused to leave a “whites only” train car • Court ruled in favor of segregation, saying that it was constitutional for states to make laws based on prejudice • “God almighty drew the color line and it cannot be obliterated”

  5. Jim Crow Laws • Laws passed in southern states beginning in 1877 through the 1960s • Laws that legalized segregation and failed to protect the civil rights of African Americans • Justified by the “separate but equal” doctrine, but ultimately ruled unconstitutional

  6. Separate, but equal? • JimCrowSegregated.jpg

  7. Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas • Supreme Court ruling decided in 1954 • Linda Brown denied access to a school closer to her home because of her race • Racial segregation in public schools deemed UNCONSTITUTIONAL because segregation violates the 14th Amendment • “Doll Tests” used as evidence (African-American children attending segregated schools had negative self-perception)

  8. LynchingWHAT IS IT? • A form of mob violence • Murder by hanging, shooting, and/or extreme torture: burning at the stake, mutilation, dismemberment, castration • A means of social control through fear

  9. LynchingWHO WERE THE VICTIMS? • People accused of—but not necessarily guilty of—crimes or “insults” • Murdered and tortured without having been convicted, without due process under the law • Mostly African-American men (though women and whites were also victims) • On the average, a black man, woman or child was murdered once a week, every week, between 1882 and 1930 by a hate-driven white mob

  10. LynchingWHO WERE THE PERPETRATORS? • The only states where lynching has NOT occurred: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont • Most prevalent in: Mississippi, Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama • Considered a form of amusement • Committed mostly in smaller towns and rural communities by people who were undereducated and economically disadvantaged

  11. Have you ever … • Acted suspiciously? • Argued with a white man? • Frightened a white woman? • Demanded respect? • Been seen as unpopular? • Tried to vote? • Used obscene language? • Spread disease? • Been obnoxious? • Peeped in a window?

  12. What do all the behaviors on the previous slide have in common? • They were all reasons given for lynching a person • Without Sanctuary

  13. Poverty Rates, 2008-2009

  14. Poverty Rates, 2008-2009

  15. Incarceration RatesRate per 100,000 (2005)

  16. Youth Dropout Rates, 2005 • In 2005, Hispanics accounted for 41% of all current high school dropouts, but only made up 17% of the total youth population

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