American Foreign Policy: From Democracy to World War I

1. Safe From Democracy The US and World War I

2. American Liberal Internationalism

3. An Era of Intervention

4. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy • Divided world into civilized & uncivilized nations • Negotiated settlement of Russo-Japanese War of 1905

5. I Took the Canal Zone • Hay Paunceforte Treaty • Clayton Bulworth Treaty • Nicaragua vs. Panama • The French Factor • The Columbian Factor • The Panama Revolution

8. Roosevelt Corollary • Monroe Doctrine • US right to exercise an international policy power in Western Hemisphere • Britain, Italian, German Naval Blockade of Venezuela • American seizure of custom houses in Dominican Republic • Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick

9. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy • Economic investment and loans from American banks rather than direct military intervention • Not successful in China • Sold retired battleships to Argentina • William Jennings Bryan, secretary of state, Grape Juice Diplomacy

10. Wilson and Mexico • Moral imperialism • Francisco Madero overthrows Porfirio Diaz in Mexican Revolution 1911 • Victoriano Huerta assassinated Madero & seizes power in 1913 • Mexican Civil War: Wilson orders troops to Vera Cruz • Pancho Villa

12. America and the Great War

13. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

14. Europe 1914

15. Neutrality and Preparedness • Sinking of the Lusitania • German submarine warfare • Cash program to expand American army & navy

16. Road to War • 1916 victory “He Kept Us Out of War” • Peace without Victory • Zimmerman Telegram

17. Western Front

18. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Agenda for Peace Conference Following the War • Self determination for all nations • Freedom of seas • Free trade • Open diplomacy • Readjustment of colonial claims • League of nations

19. WWI at Home

20. Creation of unprecedented powers & increased presence in American’s everyday lives • Selective Service Act • War Industries Board • War Labor Board • Corporate and income tax increase • Liberty bonds

21. Propaganda War • Disseminating Patriotism became Government Job • Committee on Public Information (CPI)

22. Coming of Women’s Suffrage • Most were opposed to American entry in War • Jeannette Rankin • National Women’s Party & Alice Paul • 19th Amendment

23. Prohibition & 18th Amendment

24. Liberty in Wartime • What is balance between security & freedom? • Espionage Act of 1917 and arrest of Eugene V. Debs • Coercive Patriotism: patriotism meant support for the government, the war and the American economic system

25. Who is an American?

26. The Race Problem • Eugenics • Americanization and Pluralism • Wartime Americanization • Assimilation

27. The Anti-German Crusade • Liberty Cabbage • Freedom Sandwich

28. Immigrant Act of 1917 • Banned undesirables (idiots, feeble-minded persons, criminals, epileptics, insane persons, alcoholics, professional beggars, mentally or physically defective persons, polygamist, & anarchists • Barred all immigrants over the age of sixteen who were illiterate. • “Asiatic Barred Zone,” a region that included much of eastern Asia and the Pacific Islands from which people could not immigrate.

29. Color Line & Great Migration • Roosevelt: invited Booker T. Washington to dine at White House, but not in favor of black civil rights • Wilson: imposed segregation in federal depts. • Revival of Civil Rights with W. E. B. DuBois

30. Rise of Garveyism

31. 1919: Worldwide Revolutionary Upsurge

32. Red Scare • Attorney General Mitchell Palmer & Palmer Raids • J. Edgar Hoover, director of Radical Division of Justice Department

33. Wilson at Versailles • Some Wilson goals achieved • Versailles Treaty: harsh document guaranteeing future conflict • Impossible demands

34. Treaty Debate • Wilson’s self proclaimed finest legacy: League of Nations • Critics warned it’s deprive America of freedom of action • War to make democracy safe: failure

35. Europe in 1919