Chapter 26: The Cold War (1945-1952)

1. Chapter 26:The Cold War(1945-1952) Cold War: State of hostility, short of direct military confrontation, that developed between the two superpowers

2. 26.1: Global Insecurities

3. America needs to sustain economic growth… How do we combat the problem? Focus on Western Europe and Asian markets International Monetary Fund/World Bank US largest supplier of funds = ? How does the Soviet Union respond? A. Financial Concerns

4. Satellite Nations Those countries that were controlled by Stalin; Eastern Europe US/GB satellite Nations? Problem with this? B. Division of Europe

5. 3. Dividing Germany

6. MAP 26.1 Divided Europe During the cold war, Europe was divided into opposing military alliances, the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact (Communist bloc).

7. SU and France fears another invasion Soviet Union wanted reparations buffer between SU and W. Europe Later, Stalin refuses free elections as promised during Potsdam 4. Problem with the Reunification of Western Germany (Dec. 1945)

8. Permanent Security Council US Fr GB SU China Absolute veto power Problem with this set up? C. United Nations

9. 26.2: Policy of Containment

10. A. Churchill’s Iron Curtain

11. Containment

12. Assist countries in helping prevent communism from entering their borders Started with Greece and Turkey B. Truman Doctrine

13. 1. The Long Telegram Explained Russia’s insecurities struggle between communism and capitalism SU wants to expand communism Therefore, containment became the US’s foreign policy stance 2. “Good vs. Evil” Kennan US Ambassador to the Soviet Union C. Containing Communism

14. US will give aid to those European countries needing to rebuild their economies: humanitarian SU and satellite nations refused help Western Europe’s recovery decreased appeal for communism Relations between US and SU? D. The Marshall Plan

15. “Operation Vittles” & NATO

16. 1. To protest unification of West Germany, Stalin orders blockade of West Berlin 2. Goal: fly in food and supplies 3. blockade ineffective E. Berlin Airlift:“Operation Vittles”

20. 1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization a. Formed a defensive military alliance b. Attack on one is an attack on all c. 1st time in US history, the US enters into military alliance during peacetime d. 1st time US committed to maintaining peace in Europe F. NATO

21. G. Warsaw Pact • Stalin develops the Warsaw Pact in response to NATO • Military alliance for his Eastern Europe satellite nations

24. Blue: Nuclear Weapons Free Zone • Red: Nuclear weapons states and territories belonging to them that are not in any NWFZ • Orange: Nuclear sharing • Gold: None of the above (but party to the Non Proliferation Treaty(NPT))

25. 26.4: The Cold War at Home Red Scare leads to an increase of federal government powers and a decrease in citizens civil rights

26. National defense budget goes through the roof DOD National Security Council National Security Resource Board CIA Increase in federal employees and businesses that support the effort Military spending = support in economy A. The National Security Act of 1947

27. Loyalty oaths by fed. employees “Interviews” circumstantial evidence Immigration and Nationality Acthttp://www-theory.lbl.gov/jdj/PT_article.pdf B. Loyalty Security Program

28. AKA: Internal Security Act Illegal to establish a totalitarian government in the US Communists needed to publish their records and register w/US AG C. McCarran Act

29. 1. Committee created to search out disloyalty to the U.S. investigated Hollywood film industry Hollywood Ten: “unfriendly”witnesses Blacklisted 2. Pro-Soviet Union films used during WWII now used against them Hollywood Ten D. HUAC and Hollywood

32. 1. Alger Hiss 2. Ethel & Julius Rosenberg E. Spy Cases

34. F. McCarthyism

35. 1. McCarthyism a. Unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence b. Losses credibility; accuses U.S. Army c. Rep. did not stop him thinking it would help win 1952 presidential election F. Senator Joseph McCarthy “Witch Hunt”

37. 26.5:Cold War Culture “Scare the hell out of the country.” Rep. Sen. Vandenberg (Mi)

38. Cold War Culture

39. A. Families of the 1950s • Define prosperity • Dual incomes on the rise? • Impact of the GI Bill • Benefits paid out to veterans after returning from WWII • Education; partial pay of tuition • Unemployment benefits; one year • Low-interest loans B. Growth of job markets in W/SW= rapid city growth and poor planning

40. 26.6:Stalemate for the Democrats

41. Kai-Shek: Nationalist Leader; Opposed communism US supports w/$3B; no military support Not liked by US; dictator & corrupt raises taxes on poor farmers Lost support of citizens America “losses” China

42. lowered rent rates and gave land to peasants = Communism wins over Nationalism Fear that communism spreading “out of control” FDR and Truman to blame by Republicans 2. Mao Zedong: Communist Leader

43. B. The Korean War: why the division?

44. a. North Korea great offensive fight Captures Seoul, S. Korea’s capital Manages to move straight to Pusan MacArthur’s strategy = Hero b. China enters 1. The North Attacks the South

45. a. Truman vs. MacArthur… Public criticism of Pres. Truman Wants to invade China “You’re fired!” b. Korean war ends in stalemate… 38th parallel still divides Korea today 2. Stalemate

46. *****************************************Why the division between North and South Korea? • Japan ruled Korea 1910-1945 • Japanese troops North of the 38th parallel surrender to Soviet Union; industry • Japanese troops South of the 38th parallel surrender to Americans; agriculture • What influences do these surrenders have on Korea?

47. North Korea Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Dictator/Comm. Capital: Pyongyang Leader: Kim Il Sung Believed ruled all of Korea South Korea Republic of Korea Dem./capitalism Capital: Seoul Leader: Rhee Believed ruled all of Korea