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Alcohol. Alcohol. 2/3 of adult population drink Many minors also drink, which is illegal Average age for children to take 1 st drink is 13 40% have tasted alcohol by age 10 70-95% college students drink (most popular drug on campus) Alcohol is accepted as an approved social drug
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Alcohol • 2/3 of adult population drink • Many minors also drink, which is illegal • Average age for children to take 1st drink is 13 • 40% have tasted alcohol by age 10 • 70-95% college students drink (most popular drug on campus) • Alcohol is accepted as an approved social drug • Parents often set the example of drinking
Why Do People Drink? • Social, relax, adds pleasure to meals • Escapes pressure and problems, relieve stress • Change bad feelings, forget loneliness, boost self-confidence • Replace unsatisfying relationships
What is alcohol? • Drug found in some beverages that depress the CNS, harms body’s cells and organs. • Ethyl Alcohol or ethanol is what’s found in beverages. • Alcohol is a depressant, lowers body functions, acts as a tranquilizer • Whenever alcohol is taken with other depressants, effects are increased dramatically. • Even OTC such as aspirin changes the way alcohol act on people • For centuries used as an anesthetic to induce unconsciousness • Alcohol abuse becomes physical and psychological dependence. • It is very addictive • Most often used depressant drug, major problem in the US.
Fermentation • Chemical breakdown to make alcohol and other by products • How alcohol is made: • Wine= sugar and grapes • Beer= malted barley • Rum=molasses • To know alcohol content in beer must read label, it is expressed in % • Beers in US are 3.2-6.4 % alcohol • Hard liquors expressed as “proof” • Proof is twice the alcohol% • Ex: 80 proof whiskey is 40% alcohol
What happens when a person drinks? • The more you drink the more you lose control over your coordination and speech. • Drinking changes personalities and mental functions • Normal inhibitions loosen, emotions are heighten • When teens drink they usually over estimate their abilities.
What is a moderate drinker? • Depends on individual, different people can drink different amounts. • Different philosophies a person must monitor and evaluate their own drink behavior. • Individual criteria in determining appropriate amount. • Tolerance level • Reasons for drinking • What is persons definition of proper behavior • Body size
BAC • Blood alcohol content=the amount of alcohol content in bloodstream per 100mL of blood. • The higher the BAC the more powerful effect on mind and brain. • Your weight is #1 factor that determines BAC • Important to understand BAC is the best way to understand the effect of alcohol and alcohols effect on a person.
Alcohol and Family • 1 out of 4 families has been affected by alcohol in their family • When 1 or both parents abuse alcohol chances of child abuse and neglect increase • Alcohol is usually the factor in spouse abuse.
What is Alcoholism • The AMA says: It is a chronic disease in which a person is chemically dependent upon alcohol. Requires professional treatment. • Shortens life by 10-15 years • 10 million people in US are alcoholics • Anybody can be an alcoholic!
What Causes Alcoholism • Personality problems • Accepted in our culture • Heredity, not everyone who drinks is an alcoholic. • Certain cultures discourage drunkenness and moderate social drinking is fostered at an early age. • France: many believe alcohol is good for you large amounts are drank daily. • US: drinking widely accepted, strongly promoted through advertising.
Drinkers • Social Drinkers: Small amounts, controlled drinking. • Problem Drinkers: mentally dependent on drinking not always an alcoholic, they can control it if need be.
Treatment of Alcoholism • AA: open or closed meetings, open to public, speaker recovered alcoholic, no rules or dues to join the only requirement is the want to stop drinking. • Alanon: anyone close to alcoholic. • Alateen: ages 12 to 20, learn to cope with problems caused by alcoholics around them • Both groups supported by voluntary donations
Sobering Up • Nothing speeds up sobering up • Time, food, and rest
Alcohol and Accidents • Alcohol involved more than 50% of traffic accidents • Alcohol related car accidents are leading cause of death of young people • Alcoholism cost $494 billion to nation/annually includes loss of employment, health care cost, fire losses. • DWI against law in every state, danger drinking zone .05-.10.
Alcohol and Accidents • Alcohol related deaths also occur: • 80% fire deaths • 65% drowning • 70% fatal falls • 80% suicides
Alcohol and Crime • 27-43% of adolescents arrested for crimes were drinking at the time • Alcohol is a factor in most rapes, assaults, and murders
Decisions: • If your choose not to drink be firm in your decision. Its your body, your life, your right. • Respect the decisions of others, don’t exert pressure. • If you drink know when to stop • If you drink to escape problems your abusing alcohol. • Be proud to say No • If you see a friend drunk, try to help them to the best of your ability or know where to get them help.
Underage Drinking • Alcohol use by persons under age 21 years is a major public health problem. • Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth in the United States, more than tobacco and illicit drugs. • Although drinking by persons under the age of 21 is illegal, people aged 12 to 20 years drink 11% of all alcohol consumed in the United States. • More than 90% of this alcohol is consumed in the form of binge drinks. • On average, underage drinkers consume more drinks per drinking occasion than adult drinkers. • In 2008, there were approximately 190,000 emergency rooms visits by persons under age 21 for injuries and other conditions linked to alcohol.
Consequences of Underage Drinking • Youth who drink alcohol are more likely to experience: • School problems, such as higher absence and poor or failing grades. • Social problems, such as fighting and lack of participation in youth activities. • Legal problems, such as arrest for driving or physically hurting someone while drunk. • Physical problems, such as hangovers or illnesses. • Unwanted, unplanned, and unprotected sexual activity. • Disruption of normal growth and sexual development. • Physical and sexual assault. • Higher risk for suicide and homicide. • Alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning. • Memory problems. • Abuse of other drugs. • Changes in brain development that may have life-long effects. • Death from alcohol poisoning.
US adults drank too much and got behind the wheel about 112 million times in 2010. Though episodes of driving after drinking too much ("drinking and driving") have gone down by 30% during the past 5 years, it remains a serious problem in the US. Alcohol-impaired drivers* are involved in about 1 in 3 crash deaths, resulting in nearly 11,000 deaths in 2009. • Driving drunk is never OK. Choose not to drink and drive and help others do the same. • *These drivers had blood alcohol concentrations of at least 0.08%. This is the illegal blood alcohol concentration level for adult drivers in the United States. Drinking and Driving
Drinking and Driving • People who drink and drive put everyone on the road in danger • Certain groups are more likely to drink and drive than others. • Men were responsible for 4 in 5 episodes (81%) of drinking and driving in 2010. • Young men ages 21-34 made up only 11% of the U.S. adult population in 2010, yet were responsible for 32% of all instances of drinking and driving. • 85% of drinking and driving episodes were reported by people who also reported binge drinking. Binge drinking means 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more drinks for women during a short period of time.
Under 21 DUI Penalties • Any person under age 21 who receives court supervision for the transfer, possession, and consumption of alcoholic liquor will have their driving privileges suspended for a period of three months. • First Offense • Loss of driving privileges for a minimum of 2 years. • Second Offense • Loss of driving privileges for a minimum of 5 years.
Use It & Lose It Penalties: Zero Tolerance • Applies to a person under age 21 who operate a motor vehicle. • Test Failure • First violation: 3 month suspension for registering any alcohol level above .00. • Second violation: 6 month suspension for refusal or failure to complete a BAC test. • Test Refusal • First violation: 1 year suspension for registering any alcohol level above .00 • Second violation: 2 year suspension for refusal or failure to complete a BAC test. • Full driving privileges may not be restored until all applicable reinstatement fees are paid to the Office of the Secretary of State.
