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Blood

Blood. Functions of blood. Transportation- oxygen, nutrients, wastes Regulation- temperature, pH Protection against blood loss, disease. Characteristics of blood. Dense and sticky Slightly higher than body temperature pH ranges between 7.35 and 7.45 About 8% of total body weight

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Blood

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  1. Blood

  2. Functions of blood • Transportation- oxygen, nutrients, wastes • Regulation- temperature, pH • Protection against blood loss, disease

  3. Characteristics of blood • Dense and sticky • Slightly higher than body temperature • pH ranges between 7.35 and 7.45 • About 8% of total body weight • 5-6 liters for males, 4-5 liters for females

  4. Components of plasma • Water • Plasma proteins • Albumins • Globulins • Fibrinogen • Complement • Other solutes • Electrolytes • Nutrients • Gases • Enzymes; hormones; vitamins • Waste products

  5. Formed elements

  6. Features of red blood cells • No organelles • Bags of hemoglobin (~280 million per cell) • Transports oxygen, some carbon dioxide • Hematocrit (% of total blood cell volume) • Regulated by EPO • Live about 120 days

  7. Blood typing Blood transfusions- Cells or whole blood?

  8. Anemia • Inadequate oxygen delivery • Iron deficiency • Insufficient hemopoiesis • Blood loss • Hemolytic anemia • Inadequate or aberrant hemoglobin • Bone marrow disease (aplastic anemia)

  9. Hematopoiesis

  10. White blood cells

  11. Normal cell counts • RBC-4.6M/μl in females • 5.4M/μl in males • WBC- 5-10,000/μl • Neutrophils- 50-75% • Eosinophils- 2-4% • Basophils-<1% • Monocytes-3-8% • Platelets150-400K/μl

  12. Significance of white cell counts

  13. Platelets • Derived from megakaryocytes • Cell framents • Help initiate blood clotting

  14. Blood disorders • Anemia • Genetic disorders • Sickle-cell disease • Hemophilia • Leukemias • Acute or chronic

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