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The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815). Key Players at Vienna. Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.). Tsar Alexander I (Rus.). The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.). King Frederick William III (Prus.). Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.).

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The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

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  1. The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

  2. Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

  3. Key Principles Established at Vienna • Balance of Power • Legitimacy • Compensation • Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. • France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

  4. *********Goals********* • Ensure France would not become an aggressor • Restore the “balance of power” • The principle of compensation • The principle of legitimacy • Victors expected to be rewarded The Congress of Vienna

  5. Main Objectives • It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: • Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. • Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. • Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

  6. Was Peace Established? • The Principle of Legitimacy • Bourbon French Throne • Bourbon Spanish Throne • Legitimate princely rulers – Italy • German Confederation – 39 German States • Compromised over Territorial Settlement

  7. RUSSIA • Polish Territory • Retained Finland

  8. PRUSSIA • 2/5 of Saxony • Swedish Pomerania • Territory in the Rhineland in Western Germany

  9. THE NETHERLANDS • Austrian Netherlands (BELGIUM)

  10. AUSTRIA • Lost Belgium • Gained Lombardy and Venetia • Relatives of Austrian emperor ruled • Parma, Modena, and Tuscany • Dominated German Confederation

  11. The Germanic Confederation, 1815

  12. GREAT BRITAIN • Colonial Possessions • From Dutch • Cape of Good Hope • Island of Ceylon • From French • Trinidad and Tobago • Helgoland • Malta

  13. The Second Treaty of Paris November 1815 • France reduced to the borders of 1790 • French had to pay 700 million francs to the allies • Allied military occupation of 17 French forts for 5 years

  14. THE HOLY ALLIANCE • RUSSIA • PRUSSIA • AUSTRIA

  15. Quadruple Alliance • GREAT BRITAIN • RUSSIA • AUSTRIA • PRUSSIA

  16. The Concert of Europe • Goal was to maintain Balance of Power • The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle • The Congresses of Troppau and Laibach • The Congress of Verona • Opposition to Monroe Doctrine

  17. Europe After the Congress of Vienna

  18. BOURBON RESTORATION • Louis XVIII (r. 1814 – 1824) • Constitutional Monarchy • Charter of 1814 • Assembly • Chamber of Deputies (elected) • Chamber of Peers (appointed) • Realized Old Regime could not be restored • Granted some personal liberties

  19. ULTRA - ROYALISTS "ULTRAS" • Did not accept the settlements of Louis XVIII • The “White Terror” – supported the Bourbon flag • Lead by Count of Artois the King’s Brother • 1820 – They were elected into the Chamber of Deputies • Placed restrictions on civil liberties

  20. CHARLES X • Louis XVIII dies in 1824 • Count of Artois, Charles X takes the Throne • “had learned nothing and forgotten nothing” • Wanted to restore Old Regime • Took away civil liberties

  21. OPPOSITION TO CHARLES X • Liberals • Merchants and manufacturers • Napoleonic Soldiers • Those who romanticized Napoleon’s Memory • Romantic Writers – Victor Hugo

  22. JULY ORDINANCES • July 26, 1830 – Charles X passes 4 Ordinances • Dissolved Chamber of Deputies • Revoked the vote from ¾ of the electorate • Called for new elections • Muzzled the Press • ABANDONED THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CHARTER OF 1814

  23. JULY REVOLUTION • July 27-29, 1830 • Demonstrations against Charles X • Artisans • Trades people • August 2, 1830 Charles abdicates

  24. LOUIS-PHILLIPE I, KING OF THE FRENCH • JULY MONARCHY • Tri-color replaced the white flag of the Bourbons • Accepted a revised version of the Charter of 1814 • Roman Catholicism was no longer the state religion • High tariffs Past Present Future, 1834 Daumier

  25. GARGENTUA, 1832 DAUMIER

  26. FEBRUARY REVOLUTION • FEBRUARY 22, 1848 • A Banquet, organized in opposition to: • Louis-Phillipe • Francois Guizot (chief minister) • Riots broke out • 40 people were killed • Guizot is dismissed • Louis-Phillipe abdicates

  27. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT • Universal Manhood Suffrage • Abolished slavery in French Colonies • Attempted to placate all political groups • Moderate Republicans • Legitimists • Louis Napoleon • Socialists

  28. ECONOMIC CRISIS • Raised direct taxes 45% • “National Workshops”

  29. ***ELECTIONS*** • Conservative Majority takes control of National Assembly • A Republic in the hands of an assembly dominated by Conservatives • DECEMBER 1848 • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte – elected President • GOAL = to establish a dictatorship

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