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Coordination of Body Systems by Hormonal Control in the Endocrine System

The endocrine system plays a vital role in the coordination of bodily functions through chemical control via hormones. It includes key glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes, which release hormones into the bloodstream to influence target organs. Hormones like insulin and glucagon maintain blood sugar levels, illustrating the feedback loop essential for homeostasis. The pituitary gland, known as the "master gland," regulates other endocrine glands. Understanding the types and functions of hormones enhances our knowledge of body regulation and responses.

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Coordination of Body Systems by Hormonal Control in the Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System Chapter 39 Coordination of body systems by Chemical control of hormones

  2. NERVOUS ENDOCRINE Stimuli-response Rapid response Short time Stimuli-response Slow response Lasts long time Both=HOMEOSTASIS I A. Systems that chemically coordinate the body:

  3. B.Components of the Endocrine system Pituitary Thyroid Thymus Adrenal Pancreas Ovaries Testes 1. Glands make ? Hormones or chemical messengers 2. Travel through ? Blood stream (Ductless glands) 3. To where ? Specific Target Organs

  4. Feedback thermostat . . . . . . .

  5. High Blood sugar Pancreas makes insulin Sugar enters the cells Blood sugar lowered Low Blood sugar Pancreas makes glucagon Sugar leaves the liver Blood sugar is increased Feed back loop . . . . . . .

  6. High Blood sugar Glucagon Releases Sugar From liver Pancreas makes Insulin Cell needs sugar Low Blood Sugar = Sugar goes into the cell

  7. 2 Categories of Hormones • Steroid Hormones • Non-Steroid Hormones

  8. IIA.Hypothalamus: Brain area that controls the Master Gland: Pituitary Also controls oxytocin for uterus contraction & ADH for water balance in the kidneys

  9. Pituitary:The Master Gland that controls other endocrine glands Makes • TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone for metabolism • LH & FSH for Reproduction • GH Growth hormone • ACTH hormone • Oxytocin • Prolactin • ADH • MSH

  10. Thyroid: controls metabolism with thyroxine hormone • Pituitary gland controls the thyroid with TSH • Iodine is important for the thyroid tissue • Goiter results from lack of iodine • Also releases calcitonin

  11. Parathyroid Thymus

  12. Adrenal Medulla makes epinephrine & norepinepthrine • Adrenal gland sits on top of the kidney • Controls “fight or flight” response • Superhuman strength @ adrenaline

  13. Pancreas: Regulates sugar balance • Insulin = sugar into cells • Glucagon = sugar leaves the liver

  14. Insulin sources for diabetics : • From domestic livestock • Genetically engineered bacteria

  15. Examples of hormones & glands... • Mammary glands prolactin • Ovaries make estrogen • Testes make testosterone • Adrenal make adrenaline

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