Can Fast and Slow Intelligence Be Differentiated?

1. Can Fast and Slow Intelligence Be Differentiated? 8.4.2013

2. 1. Introduction • A popular present-day approach is to look for pure measures of speed and power external to the test • Speed and power are different but positively correlated. • Slow responses are of a different nature than fast responses. • Fast responses are based on more automatic direct-link mediated processing while slow responses are based on repeating one's cognitive work and/or more controlled processing. • An interest in internal to the test

3. 1.1 Fast and slow intelligence • Different processes? • Or different abilities? • Qualitative process differences can be inferred from the across-item pattern of difficulties, and qualitative ability differences from the across-person pattern of the latent trait values.

5. 1.2 Aim of the study • Time-homogeneity vs. time heterogeneity • Processes • Abilities • Via two tasks: verbal analogy and matrices

6. 1.3 Distinguishing between fast and slow responses • Within-person split • For each person, a fast and a slow subset of items is determined. • Within-item split • For each item, a fast and a slow subset of persons in determined.

7. 2.1 Model

9. 2.2 Hypothesis testing • 3P&3I vs 2P&3I, 3P&2I, and 2P&2I • AIC & BIC • 3P&3I vs 3P&2I • LR test • 3P&3I vs 2P&3I • Mixture c2 test • When using the data derived from the within-item split…

10. 2.3 Intelligence tests2.4 Data sets • Verbal analogies test • 726 persons & 34 items • Raven-like matrices test • 503 persons & 35 items

11. 3.1 Description of the data • Response frequencies in two approaches • Persons may differ more in their response times than items do. • Cronbach alpha: Fast responses were more reliable than the slow responses.

12. 3.2 Model comparison

13. 3.3 Correlations and variances • Correlations between the two accuracy (q2 & q3) • Because the difficulties are fixed effects, no such correlations are available. • Estimated variances are larger for fast than slow

14. 3.4 Additional analysis3.5 Speed and accuracy

15. 4. Discussion and conclusion • Fast and slow intelligence can be differentiated, and they are strongly correlated. • Fast responses differentiate better than slow responses between persons as well as items. • A somewhat different kind of ability is measured for respondents with primarily slow responses compared to the ability that is measured for respondents with primarily fast responses. • Given the higher variance of fast intelligence compared to slow intelligence, the ability of fast respondents is measured in a more reliable way than the ability of slow respondents. • Time pressure