Download
1 / 23
230 likes | 377 Vues
The Renaissance. World History Chapter 15. A New Beginning. Renaissance – means “rebirth” Self conscious revival of classic civilization and sense of creating something Scholars wanted to revive classical civilizations Viewed humans as 3 dimensional
E N D
The Renaissance World History Chapter 15
A New Beginning • Renaissance – means “rebirth” • Self conscious revival of classic civilization and sense of creating something • Scholars wanted to revive classical civilizations • Viewed humans as 3 dimensional • Emphasis was on secular (spiritual) aspects of life • Individualism and versatility: important aspects of the Renaissance spirit
Humanism • Humanism – means classical scholarship (studied original Latin or Greek manuscripts) • Educational reform put greater emphasis on classical scholarship • Dante Alighieri wrote The Divine Comedy • Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa • Michelangelo painted The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel
Humanism continued… • Humanism began to spread north • Central figure of Humanism: Johann Reuchlin • Reuchlin was a German scholar that helped spread the influence of Humanism after he visited Italy • See VIDEO (approx 3 minutes)
Lutherans • Martin Luther: born in 1483 • Planned to be a lawyer • Studied the bible; became a monk instead • Determined that faith alone not indulgences (which are pardons from punishment of sin as a way for the pope to raise money) was whether you were going to heaven or not • Was told by Pope Leo X to recant but he refused and Luther was declared a heretic, was excommunicated, and was declared an outlaw by Charles V of the HRE
The selling of indulgences. These people are paying a fee in order to receive a pardon for the sins they have committed.
Martin Luther’s reply when asked if he wanted to recant any of his ideas or works:"Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen."
Lutherans continued… • Luther translated the New Testament from Latin to German • Followers of Luther became known as Protestants because they protested the church • Many common people supported Protestantism because you didn’t have to pay for it and you can have a direct relationship with God
Lets talk about sects baby… • Many new sects (or religious groups) formed after Luther • Other sects that followed: • Baptists – Believers are baptized vs babies baptized • Church of England/Anglicans (English Protestants) – started because Henry VIII wanted a divorce • Calvinism – started by John Calvin (who followed Luther’s ideas but instead believed in predestination, or God has already determined your fate)
Church reaction • Catholic church finally realized how much of a threat Protestantism was to their institution • Started the counter-Reformation • Tried to appoint only very devout and religious people as bishops and cardinals • Pope Paul III – began the Inquisition (punished heretics by burning them at the stake)
Device used in the Roman Inquisition Pope Paul III
Council of Trent • A gathering of clergymen that determined policy and procedures for the church • Banned the sale of indulgences • Put more rules on the clergy • Emphasized ceremonies to honor God • Forgiveness came only from the church and had faith for salvation • Determined policy on Catholic views on scripture, original sin, baptism, sacraments, and the Eucharist
Scientific Discoveries • Witchcraft – belief in magic that led to science searching for answers to secrets (scientific method); started a science revolution • Notable names: • Copernicus – sun was the center of the universe, not Earth • Johannes Kepler – helped proved Copernicus’ ideas • Galileo – invented the telescope • Rene Descartes – in science, must prove everything • Isaac Newton – laws of motion and gravity
