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The Arab Spring

The Arab Spring. History. Sunni/ Shia Division Constitutional Setup Autocratic Rulers. Background. State of emergency (1967) no free speech or press Imprisonment without trial Government run media Censorship N o demonstrations No parties police brutality ( torture). Background.

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The Arab Spring

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  1. The Arab Spring

  2. History • Sunni/Shia Division • Constitutional Setup • Autocratic Rulers

  3. Background • State of emergency (1967) • no free speech or press • Imprisonment without trial • Government run media • Censorship • No demonstrations • No parties police brutality (torture)

  4. Background • All of this was in support of the authoritarian government • Hosni Mubarak (1981) • Sectarian • American-backed • Gamal • Elections

  5. Background • Other problems • Unemployment • Corruption • Unequal distribution of gains

  6. Background • Muslim Brotherhood

  7. The Uprising • Inspired by Tunisia • National Police Day Protests • MB as well as others • Social Media • Asmaa Mahfouz • Expanded from original intention

  8. The Uprising • Military and police’s role • Prisoners • Mubarak offered reforms, and promised not to run, VP • Violence • Resignation

  9. Aftermath • Supreme Council of the Armed Forces • Constitutional Referendum • Intermittant protesting; faster implementation of the Constitution, charging of Mubarak, no military trials for civilians, etc. • They feel change is too slow • Violence against protestors • January 2012 – Parlimentary election

  10. Crucial Months • May 2012 – State of emergency law expired • June 2012 – Mubarak is charged and acquitted • June 2012 – Certain aspects of martial law are reintroduced, like military trials for civilians • June 2012 – Supreme Council of Armed Forces dissolves parliament, issue a new interim constitution, and set about making amore permanent one. They also give themselves authority to control the Prime Minister, and give the PM some of the President’s powers • Morsi elected

  11. Morsi • Granted himself more powers • He was the MB’s candidate, and some worry he will bring in Islamist laws. However, others celebrate the first ever legal MB candidate. • Protests grew; on July 3rd, the protesters allied with the military to depose him

  12. Post-Coup • Supreme Council of Armed Forces appointed a civilian – Mansour – interim president, instead of declaring martial law • However, there have been severe crackdowns against Morsi-supporters

  13. Results • Freer Press and speech • However, still crackdowns • Improved women’s rights • Inequality has remained static • Unemployment has remained high • True result remains to be seen; depends on Mansour, the new constitution, its level of implementation, the military’s choices, and social realities.

  14. Tunisia

  15. Libya

  16. Yemen

  17. Syria

  18. Others • Bahrain • Yemen • Jordan • Kuwait • Algeria • Iraq • Morocco

  19. Overarching Themes • Clash between entrenched government interests and Islamist groups • Social Media • New Nationalism • Grievances – civil rights, oppression, inequality, unemployment • Demand for codified system of laws and rights • Young people • Minorities in power

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