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Urbanization in Developing Countries: Strategies for Effective Water Management

This lecture discusses the phenomenon of urbanization in developing nations, particularly Malaysia, and explores various water management options. It addresses the reasons behind urban growth, the reality of living in urban areas, and their infrastructure challenges. Key topics include community-based and household-centric water management strategies, government budgeting for basic services, and suggestions for future improvements in urban planning. The session encourages participants to reflect on their preferences for living environments and invites dialogue on urban planning and water supply in rural townships.

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Urbanization in Developing Countries: Strategies for Effective Water Management

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  1. Lecture 3: Urbanization in developing world and options for water management (2 hrs) Prof. Zaini UJANG zaini@utm.my www.fkkksa.utm.my/staff/zaini

  2. Lecture outline • Urbanization • Reasons • Reality • Developing nations • Regional development • Example in Malaysia • Basic infrastructures • Government budget and planning • Private development programs • Water management options • Community-based • Household-based • Future

  3. Question 1 • Which one you prefer, living in • Village, • Town • City or • Mega city? • Explain your preference

  4. Urbanization • Enlargement of urban population via migration and intra-development • Reasons? • Job • Better opportunities • Education • Family gathering • Trends

  5. Lund, your city Question 2 • Uniqueness? • What you admire most?

  6. Urbanization: Reality? • Congestion • Accommodation • Traffic system • Facilities – School, Job market, etc • Insufficient level of service quality • Water supply and sanitation • Electricity etc

  7. Urbanization: Developing Countries • Regional development • Centered in major cities • Industrialization • Service sector • Rural areas • Agricultural activities • Eco-tourism industry • Cottage industry

  8. Urbanization: The case of Malaysia • Regional development • Based on 5 major regions • Klang Valley (Kuala Lumpur area) • Southern Corridor (South Johor, border to Singapore) • Northern Corridor (border to Thailand) • Eastern Corridor • Sabah & Sarawak (Borneo, border to Brunei and Indonesia) • Every region specialized in a few economic activities

  9. WPI: Physical planning in 5 local authorities • JB City Council • JB Tengah Municipal Council • Pasir Gudang Local Authority • Kulai Municipal Council • Pontian District Council

  10. PRESENT FOCUS • Manufacturing • Services

  11. Question 3 • What do you think about the planning of WPI? • Advantages • Disadvantages • Suggestions?

  12. Urban like human body Rivers are blood vessels Trees are cloth Land is skeleton Activities are inter-related “Industrial ecology” Urban metabolism

  13. Basic infrastructures • Government budget and planning • Road • Electricity • Water supply (& sewerage?) • Schools • Police station • Fire Departments • Hospitals • Private development programs • Housing estate as a whole • Inclusive township

  14. Water management options • Government budget and planning • Water supply • Sewerage services • Private development programs • Overall facilities • Community-based • Stand pipe • Shared facilities • Fully subsidy or provided by the community • Individual initiatives • Overall facilities

  15. Community-shared facilities - Toilet

  16. Community-sharedtoilet facilities

  17. Community-shared facilities – Water supply

  18. Beneficiary enjoying water from newly-installed household spigot

  19. Question 4 • You are suppose to be consulted to develop a water facilities in a small township in Indonesia. • Township: Old town, since 1800s • Population: 30,000 • Venue: Jungle, 300 km from sea • Water sources: Rivers, groundwater • Closest major town: 50 km downstream the river • Economic activities: Agriculture • Politics: Two units – inner town (20,000 people) and rural areas • Consider 5 major issues to consider

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