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Terms for organic compounds.

Terms for organic compounds. 3-6). H. H. H. H. H. H. C. H. H. H. H. C. C. H. C. H. C. C. C. H. C. H. C. H. H. H. H. C. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. C. H. H. H. H. C. C. H. H. C. C. C. C. H. H. H. C. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. C. C. C.

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Terms for organic compounds.

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  1. Terms for organic compounds. 3-6)

  2. H H H H H H C H H H H C C H C H C C C H C H C H H H H C H H H H H H H H C H H H H C C H H C C C C H H H C H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C H H C C C H H H H H 4.2 Alkanes • Acyclic (no rings) = alkane • Cyclic (contains rings) Section 1.12

  3. 4.2 Alkanes (cont.) • Are acyclic “saturated” hydrocarbons. • Contain only single bonds C-C • Every carbon is sp3 (tetrahedral) • General formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2 • CH4 • C2H6 • C3H8

  4. 4.2 Alkanes • Fig. 1.3 Molecular structures of (a) methane, (b) ethane, and (c) propane, the three simplest alkanes.

  5. 1.2

  6. 4.2 Structural formulas • Expanded (Lewis structure) H H H H H H | | | | | | H-C-H H-C-C-H H-C-C-C-H | | | | | | H H H H H H Methane Ethane Propane THESE TAKE A LOT OF SPACE TO DRAW THEY TAKE A LONG TIME TO DRAW

  7. 4.2 Structural formulas • Condensed (easier and faster to draw) Methane CH4 Ethane CH3-CH3 Propane CH3-CH2-CH3

  8. 4.2 Structural formulas • Condensed Octane: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 • More condensed CH3-(CH2)6-CH3

  9. 4.2 LINE NOTATION Organic chem models: http://www.umanitoba.ca/chemistry/courses/chem130/molecules/models.html

  10. RULES FOR LINE NOTATION 1) The end of any line indicates a carbon atom, unless another atom is indicated. 2) Any place where two or more lines meet represents a carbon atom, unless another atom is indicated. 3) Any missing valencies are filled by adding hydrogens. 4) All non-carbon atoms are clearly indicated. 5) Unshared pairs are implied, but not shown.

  11. LINE NOTATION

  12. There is no carbon here, another atom is indicated. STRUCTURES INVOLVING HETEROATOMS A “heteroatom” is any atom differentfrom carbon or hydrogen. “hetero” = different (Greek)

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