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Geosphere

Geosphere. 7 th Period. Earth’s Composition and Structure. The composition and structure of Earth are very different among the numerous layers. The differentiation of the earth is due to the occurrences in the formation of the solar system 5.5 billion years ago. EARTH’S COMPOSITIONAL

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Geosphere

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  1. Geosphere 7th Period

  2. Earth’s Composition and Structure The composition and structure of Earth are very different among the numerous layers. The differentiation of the earth is due to the occurrences in the formation of the solar system 5.5 billion years ago.

  3. EARTH’S COMPOSITIONAL LAYERS EARTH’S PHYSICAL LAYERS → ← • LITHOSPHERE: • Cool, rigid, outermost layer • Contains the crust and upper • mantle • Divided into tectonic plates • THE CRUST: • Solid, outermost layer • Thick and made of lightweight materials • ASTHENOSPHERE: • Solid, plastic layer of the mantle • Made of rock that flows very slowly • THE MANTLE: • Middle layer • Made of dense, iron-rich minerals • THE CORE: • Hot, dense nickel and iron at the • center of Earth • MESOSPHERE: • “the middle sphere” • OUTER CORE: • Outer shell of Earth’s core • Made of liquid nickel and iron • INNER CORE: • Sphere of solid nickel and iron • at the center of the Earth

  4. By: Hunter Tolley -Asthenosphere: the major importance of this layer is to hold the earth’s tectonic plates. -This layer is the upper part of the mantle. It is very hot but not liquid at a temperature of 1600 degrees Celsius -And this layer is roughly 250km thick

  5. By: Hunter Tolley -Earths tectonic plates are huge and have jagged edges. -They move very slowly at an inch per year if that -Most geologic activity occurs at plate boundaries -Convection current deep in the mantle causes the plates to move

  6. Main Cause of Earthquakes • The major cause of earthquakes is the stress that builds up between two tectonic plates. They collide together and therefore cause an earthquake • Another major cause of earthquakes is from volcanic eruptions Shannon Bratton

  7. The Effects on Land • Can cause buildings to collapse • Ground shaking • Landslides • Floods Shannon Bratton

  8. The effects on life in surrounding areas • Loss of life • Building collapse • Loss of basic necessities – water, electricity, shelter • Fires • Disease • Road/bridge damage Shannon Bratton

  9. What seismic waves are • Seismic waves are waves of energy that break through layers of earths interior and tells you what they are made of. • Danielle Vass

  10. How do seismic waves give information to scientists. • The scientist uses a tool called a seismograph. • The seismograph has different frequencies for each layer it goes through. • http://science.howstuffworks.com/earthquake4.htm Danielle Vass

  11. GeosphereEffects of a large-scale volcanic eruption on the global climate • Can change Earth’s climate for several years. • Less sunlight can get to Earth’s surface because of ash and gases that are spread across the atmosphere. • This can drop the surface temperature. Emily Hunter

  12. Mount Pinatubo • Mt. Pinatubo erupted in 1991 • The amount of sunlight that got to Earth’s surface went down by 2-4%. • Because of this, the average global temperature decreased by many tenths of a degree Celsius over a span of many years after 1991. Emily Hunter

  13. Where earthquakes and volcaniceruptions most often occur! David Hudson

  14. Earthquakes • The largest and most active earthquakes lie along the tectonic plate boundaries. David Hudson

  15. Volcanoes • Volcano eruptions occur most frequently along the Pacific Ring of Fire, which accounts for about 80% of the earth’s total volcanic eruptions. David Hudson

  16. Geosphere: Erosion Ethan Rogers • Erosion is the removal and transport of surface material. • Erosion is what makes rocks in bodies of water smoother • Erosion can be used in relative dating, such as the round-topped Appalachian Mountains, which are older than the jagged Rocky Mountains http://www.superiorstonemfg.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/New_River_Rock.24191148.jpg

  17. Geosphere: Erosion Ethan Rogers • Constant erosion cause rocks to gradually shrink which causes them to sink below the Earth’s crust; this means the Earth’s surface is constantly changing • Water, wind and plants are the most common form of natural erosion http://media.photobucket.com/image/plant%20on%20a%20sidewalk/freakshow745/Best%20Pics/100_0029.jpg http://imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/27/2707/RR1ND00Z/melissa-farlow-a-rock-formation-shaped-by-wind-erosion-overlooks-the-grand-canyon.jpg

  18. Geosphere: Erosion Ethan Rogers • Wind Erosion • Loose soil, sand, and other lightweight materials can be blown away by the wind. • This can form amazing “sculptures” http://a.abcnews.com/images/Technology/nm_Vermilion_080326_ssh.jpg

  19. Geosphere: Erosion Ethan Rogers • Water Erosion • Waves can wash away a coastline • Rivers can create gorges and canyons http://jimmyng.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/grand_canyon6.jpg

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