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The DNA Connection

The DNA Connection. Chromosomes are made of DNA. The DNA Code. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. The sequence of bases in a gene forms a code. Every 3 Letters is called a CODON Code = protein. DNA carries the codes. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Double Stranded.

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The DNA Connection

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  1. The DNA Connection

  2. Chromosomes are made of DNA

  3. The DNA Code

  4. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes.

  5. The sequence of bases in a gene forms a code

  6. Every 3 Letters is called a CODON • Code = protein

  7. DNA carries the codes

  8. DNA • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) • Double Stranded

  9. DNA Bases • Purines: • 1. Adenine (A) • 2. Guanine (G)

  10. Pyridimines • 1. Cytosine (C) • 2. Thymine (T)

  11. DNA Base Pairing • A=T • G C

  12. RNA Base Pairing • A=U *Uracil • There is NO “T” in RNA • G C

  13. Transcription

  14. The process by which RNA is made from DNA • Occurs in the Nucleus

  15. Since DNA is too big to fit through the nuclear pores, messenger RNA is used to “read” DNA

  16. RNA • Single Stranded • Same bases as DNA EXCEPT instead of T RNA contains U

  17. After transcription mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches onto a ribosome

  18. Translation

  19. The message is translated into an amino acid sequence • Occurs on ribosomes

  20. Every 3 Letters is called a CODON • Code = protein

  21. Requires tRNA to translate the code

  22. tRNA can only read 3 mRNA codes at one time (codon)

  23. The Genetic Code • The Codon codes for which amino acid is to be made

  24. Amino Acids – the building blocks of proteins

  25. mRNA codon • UAC • Translated Code • Tyr

  26. DNA Sequence: • A T G C A A T G C • U A C G U U A C G

  27. RNA Sequence: • UAC GUU ACG • Amino Acids Produced: Tyr – Val – Thr

  28. DNA Mutations

  29. Substitution

  30. Deletion

  31. Addition

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