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Mastering Latin: Understanding Relative Clauses

Learn about the function and translation of relative pronouns in Latin relative clauses to enhance your language skills. Includes examples and step-by-step guidance.

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Mastering Latin: Understanding Relative Clauses

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  1. Stage 15 Notes

  2. ancilla urnam portabat. • The slave woman was carrying the jar. • ancilla, quae post Salvium ambulabat, urnam portabat. • The slave woman, who was walking after Salvius, was carrying a jar.

  3. The word in bold is known as a relative pronoun and you will see them in relativeclauses. • A relative clause is used to describe a noun. • Relative pronouns agree with the noun they are describing in number and gender. • -case: from its function in its clause • -number/gender: from the antecedent (the word it modifies) • -every relative pronoun introduces a relative clause (a clause that gives you more information about something)

  4. How to unravel a sentence with a relative clause: • 1. Identify the relative clause (as a rule, it begins with a relative pronoun and ends with a verb) and put brackets around it. • réx, [quí scéptrum tenébat ], in átrió sedébat.

  5. 2. Identify the parts of the sentence:

  6. 3. Translate everything but the relative clause: • réx, [quí scéptrum tenébat ], in átrió sedébat = the king was sitting in the atrium • 4. Return to the relative clause. Identify the antecedent of the relative pronoun (usually the word immediately preceding the relative pronoun): rex

  7. 5. How do you know for sure? the number and gender of the relative pronoun (qui) and its antecedent (rex) must agree: singular and masculine. • 6. Translate the relative clause. Since you know that qui is nominative, you know it is the subject of the verb in the clause: • The king, who was holding a scepter • Relative pronouns translate as who (if it describes a person) or which (if it describes a thing).

  8. 7. Put the whole sentence together. • Remember that a relative clause acts in the same way as an adjective - it simply gives you more information about a noun... • The king was sitting in a chair Which king? The king who was holding a scepter (oh, that king!): • The king, who was holding a scepter, was sitting in the atrium. Always translate the relative clause right after the noun it is describing!

  9. Nominative- Magistrapuerum qui teamatvidet. • The teacher sees the boy who likes you. Dative- Magistrapuerum cui donumdedividet. • The teacher sees the boy to whom I gave a gift. Accusative- Magistrapuerumquemimpedisvidet. • The teacher sees the boy whom you delay. Ablative- Magistrapuerum cum quo ambulasvidet. • The teacher sees the boy with whom you are walking

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