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Sustainable Forest Management: Alternatives for 21 st Century Forestry

Sustainable Forest Management: Alternatives for 21 st Century Forestry. William S. Keeton, Ph.D. Associate Professor Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont. Sustainable Forest Management.

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Sustainable Forest Management: Alternatives for 21 st Century Forestry

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  1. Sustainable Forest Management: Alternatives for 21st Century Forestry William S. Keeton, Ph.D. Associate Professor Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont

  2. Sustainable Forest Management “Sustainability …has three aspects: ecological, economic, and social…the sustainability of ecological systems is a necessary prerequisite for strong productive economies, enduring human communities, and the values people seek from wildlands… It is also true that strong economies and communities are often a prerequisite to societies possessing the will needed to sustain ecological systems.” United States Department of Agriculture, Committee of Scientists (1999)

  3. Sustainable Forest Management “21st century forestry will be defined by understanding and managing complexity, providing a wide range of ecological goods and services, and managing across broad landscapes.” - Kohm and Franklin (1997). Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century. Island Press, Washington, DC

  4. International SFM Criteria for Temperate and Boreal Forests √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

  5. International SFM Criteria for Temperate and Boreal Forests √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

  6. 1. CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Start with a fully representative reserve system

  7. Forest Cover in the Ukrainian Carpathians 17.6% Data from: Budyakova et al. 2005. National assessment of the national policy, legislative and institutional frameworks related to the Carpathian Convention, Ukraine.

  8. 1. CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Keys objectives for sustainable forest management • Maintain ecological connectivity • Maintain landscape heterogeneity • Maintain stand complexity • Maintain intact aquatic ecosystems • Risk-spreading Modified from: Lindenmayer and Franklin (2002). Conserving Forest Biodiversity. Island Press, Washington, DC.

  9. Vertebrate habitat associations in the Northeastern United States Data from Keeton et al. 2007

  10. Forest Age Distribution in Ukraine Data from Strochinskii et al. 2001

  11. Disturbance-based forestry

  12. Weyerhaeuser Company, Variable Retention Forestry

  13. Landscape Management System (LMS)

  14. 2. CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER RESOURCES

  15. Ephemeral stream bed, Carpathian Mountains, Ukraine

  16. 2. CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER RESOURCES Coarse Woody Debris to Streams Root Strength 100% Shading Litter Fall Cumulative Effectiveness 0% 0 0.2 0.5 1.0 Distance from Channel (Site Potential Tree Height)

  17. 2. CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER RESOURCES

  18. 3. FOREST CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE

  19. Kyoto Protocol: Carbon Credits Through Forest Management • Reforestation or afforestation (plantations established prior to 1990) in developing countries • In developed countries, 5% of emissions can be offset through forest management. • Under developing cap and trade systems, forest managers will have to show a change in management resulting in increased net sequestration

  20. Carbon Revenue • Estimates of potential carbon credit values range from $2 to $60 per ton of C. • Future value could increase substantially as international carbon markets develop. • Carbon value can co-vary with saw timber quality, so this may be an advantageous management approach where high yield fiber production is not the dominant objective

  21. Modified from: Schelhaas, M.J. et al. 2004. CO2FIX V 3.1 – A modelling framework for quantifying carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems.

  22. Biomass in Mature vs. Old-growth Forests: Old Forests Store Large Amounts of Carbon! Ukraine: M. Tchernyavskyy U.S. Pacific Northwest: J. Franklin U.S. Northeast: W. Keeton

  23. Figure from Ingerson. 2007.

  24. Figure from Ingerson. 2007.

  25. CO2fix Model Simulation: Scenario = harvest for biomass only, northern hardwood stand, UVM Jericho Research Forest 125 100 Total carbon sequestration + emissions offset 75 Carbon (Mg/ha) Biofuel offset of fossil fuel emissions 50 Soil carbon 25 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 Years Carbon in aboveground biomass Carbon in wood fuel

  26. Typical harvest age for forests in the first and second groups, Ukraine Strochinskii et al. 2001. Journal of Forestry

  27. 75 Mg/Ha

  28. 90 Mg/Ha 75 Mg/Ha

  29. 20 Mg/ha

  30. 20 Mg/ha

  31. 4. LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT • Land Tenure

  32. 4. LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT • Land Tenure • Incentive or market based mechanisms for SFM

  33. 4. LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT • Land Tenure • Incentive or market based mechanisms for SFM • Community-based forestry

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