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東周 戰國 時期 ( 一 ) Eastern Zhou Dynasty Warring States Period Part I

東周 戰國 時期 ( 一 ) Eastern Zhou Dynasty Warring States Period Part I. 三家分晉 Jin divided into three. 晉政權逐漸 為 趙、韓、魏、知、范、中行氏六家所控制 。 後來，趙、韓、魏、知四家聯合起來，消滅了范氏和中行氏 。 趙、韓、魏三家又聯合起來，消滅了知氏 。

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東周 戰國 時期 ( 一 ) Eastern Zhou Dynasty Warring States Period Part I

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  1. 東周戰國時期(一)Eastern ZhouDynasty Warring States Period Part I

  2. 三家分晉Jin divided into three • 晉政權逐漸為趙、韓、魏、知、范、中行氏六家所控制。後來，趙、韓、魏、知四家聯合起來，消滅了范氏和中行氏。趙、韓、魏三家又聯合起來，消滅了知氏。 • Regime of Jin was gradually controlled by Zhao, Han, Wei, Zhi, Fan, and ZhongXin. Eventually Han, Zhao, and Wei united and eliminated the other three families.

  3. 三家分晉Jin divided into three • 公元前403年，周威烈王承認韓、趙、魏三家為諸侯。歷史上進入了戰國時期。 • 403 BC, King Wei Lie of Zhou admitted Han, Zhao, Wei as the three feudal states. It started the Warring States period in history.

  4. 戰國時期Warring States Period • 戰國時期（大約西元前403年～西元前221年） • Warring States Period (about BC 403 ─ 221 BC) .

  5. 戰國諸侯Feudal States in the Warning State Period • 從春秋時代初期的一百四十多家諸侯，經過三百六十多年的兼併，到戰國初期就只剩下了二十餘家。 • After over three hundred and Sixty years of mergers, feudal states reduced from over 140 in the beginning of Spring and Autumn Period, to only about 20 in the early Waring States Period.

  6. 戰國七雄Seven Powers of the Waring State Period • 戰國諸侯中以秦國，齊國，趙國、魏國、韓國，楚國，燕國此七國最強，史稱“戰國七雄”。 • The strongest feudal states in the Waring State Period were Qin, Qi, Zhao, Wei, Han, Chu, Yan, called the “Seveve Powers of the Warring States Period."

  7. 社會變革Changes in Society • 鐵器的廣泛使用 The widespread use of iron • 井田制度的破壞 Destroy of the Well Shaped Land Law • 戰爭規模的擴大 Expanded War Scale • 世襲的等級制度被瓦解Disintegrated Social Class System

  8. 戰國時期地圖

  9. 魏國的改革Reform of Wei • 魏國首先進行改革，選賢任能，鼓勵農民生產，發展經濟，成為戰國初期第一個強國。 • Wei was the first to reform, by appointing capable people, encouraging farmers to production, and economic development, and became the first strong power in the early Warring States Period.

  10. 齊國的改革 Reform of Qi • 齊國進行改革，大力整頓政治，經濟迅速發展，成為實力僅次於魏的大國。 • Qi also reformed by political rectification. It achieved rapid economic development, and became the strong power next to Wei.

  11. 齊國的改革 Reform of Qi • 桂陵之戰和馬陵之戰，齊國以田忌為將軍，孫臏為軍師，用奇計打敗了魏軍，從此，齊國成為中原最強的國家。 • In the Battle of Guiling war and the Battle of Maling, Qi appointed Tian Ji as the General, Sun Bin as military adviser, defeated Wei. Since then, Qi became the most powerful state in the Central Plains.

  12. 成語Idioms • 圍魏救趙，孫臏用圍攻魏國的辦法來解救趙國的危困 ，後被列為 三十六計中的重要一計。 • Sun Bin rescued Zhao by sieging Wei. Later it was listed as one important trick among the Thirty-Six Tricks.

  13. 秦國商鞅變法Reform of Qin by Shang Yang • 秦國任用商鞅進行變法，建立新的專制主義中央集權制。Qin appointed Shang Yang for political reform, established a new centralized system. • 廢除世襲爵位制，根據軍功大小授予爵位。Abolished hereditary peerage system. Title awarded according to bravery in battle.

  14. 秦國商鞅變法Reform of Qin by Shang Yang • 廢除分封制，實行縣治。Abolished feudal system, and established county governments. • 廢除“井田制”，實行土地私有制。Repealed “Well field system", and established private ownership of land.

  15. 問答Q&A • 東周在歷史上可分為哪兩個時期? • In history, which two periods can the Eastern Zhou Dynasty be divided into?

  16. 問答Q&A • 春秋時期和戰國時期是以哪一件事來區分? • Which event separated the Spring and Autumn Period and the Waring States Period?

  17. 問答Q&A • 請試列舉戰國七雄? • Who were the Seven Powers in the Waring States Period?

  18. 問答Q&A • 戰國初期哪兩國先後成為最強的國家? • In the beginning of the Waring States Period, which two countries became the most powerful consecutively?

  19. 問答Q&A • 誰在秦國實施變法? • Who implementedpolitical reform in the state of Qin?

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