Understanding Cardiovascular Diseases: Risk Factors and Health Implications

1. Senior Health Cardiovascular Diseases Miss Toritto

2. Objectives • Student will be able to identify and describe risk factors in relation to cardiovascular diseases. • Student will be able to display understanding of a heart attack, stroke, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure and stenosis. • Student will be able to apply knowledge of cardiovascular diseases through evaluating an individual’s lifestyle and measuring the likelihood of that person developing arteriosclerosis as a result.

3. Do Now • Daily Recording Calendar • What impacts your heart health? List some ways that your can positively/negatively influence your heart health.

4. Did you know? • 16 million Americans are living with heart disease • Each year, nearly half a million die from it • Commonly, a heart attack is the first sign of heart disease

5. What is a cardiovascular disease? • #1 death globally • Heart and blood vessel disease, also called heart disease • Includes many problems, many of which are related to arteriosclerosis

6. What is arteriosclerosis? • “Hardening of the arteries” • Causes many heart attacks, many strokes, and affects many other organs • PLAQUE= Fatty buildup on arterial walls • http://watchlearnlive.heart.org/CVML_Player.php?moduleSelect=athero

7. What are the risks? • What are the risks for developing arterial disease? • High blood pressure • Cholesterol • Cigarettes • Diabetes • Family history • Low “good” cholesterol (HDL) • High “bad” cholesterol (LDL)

8. What is a heart attack? • Blocked blood flow to heart, caused by blood clot • If the clot cuts off blood flow completely, the part of the heart supplied by that artery begins to die

9. What is a stroke? • Cause: • Cerebral Thrombosis: • A blood clot (thrombosis) in a cerebral artery or vein that supplies blood to the brain • “Brain attack”

10. What is a stroke? • How does it happen? • Occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops, caused by a blood clot • If flow is stopped for longer than a couple seconds, brain cannot get oxygen/blood • Brain cells die, leading to possible permanent brain damage

11. Stroke Risk Factors • High blood pressure • Diabetes • Family history • High cholesterol • Age • Race • Unhealthy Lifestyle

12. Types of Stroke • Ischemic Stroke: • Occurs as a result of an obstruction within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain • Hemorrhagic Stroke: • Results from a weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain

14. Congestive Heart Failure • Does heart failure mean the heart stops beating?

15. What is congestive heart failure? • “Can’t keep up” • The heart is not pumping blood as well as it should • Heart keeps working but body’s need for blood and oxygen is not being met • If not treated, can get worse

16. What is an arrhythmia? • “Abnormal rhythm” • Heart can beat too fast, too slow or irregularly • Can affect how the heart works • TOO SLOW=Bradycardia: Less than 60 beats per minute • TOO FAST=Tachycardia: More than 100 beats per minute • IRREGULAR= Atrial Fibrillation: Quivering

17. What is stenosis? • “Heart valve problems” • Valves do not open enough to allow blood to flow through • Regurgitation: • Heart valves do not close properly, allowing blood to leak through • Mitral Valve Prolapse: • Valve not closed, allow blood to flow backwards into chamber

18. Treatment

19. Who is at risk for developing arteriosclerosis? • Framingham Heart Study: Risk Calculator • With your group, read over the scenario you were given • Calculate the person’s risk for developing arteriosclerosis using the “risk calculator” • To access risk calculator: Type ‘Framingham risk calculator’ in Google. Click on the first link • Record the risk percentage and answer the questions that follow with your group • Be ready to share your finding with the rest of the class