Professional Health and Safety Training

1. Professional Health and Safety Training Israel Buenaventura Instructor

2. Directed Care Services • Means programs and services, including personal care services provided to persons who are incapable of recognizing danger, summoning assistance, expressing needs or making basic care decisions. • Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Stroke…

3. Dementia • Dementia – loss of cognitive or intellectual function. P366 • Thinking • Remembering • Reasoning

4. Types of Dementia • Alzheimer’s Disease / Early onset AD • Binswanger’s Disease • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease • Huntington’s Disease • Lewy Body Dementia • Multi-infarct Dementia • Pick’s Disease

5. Alzheimer’s Disease P366 • Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease due to plaques & tangles formation that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks.

6. Alzheimer’s Disease

7. Alzheimer’s Disease • Brain w/out AD • Brain w/ • Advanced AD • How the 2 brain • compares

8. Alzheimer’s Disease

9. Binswanger’s Disease • BD, also called subcortical vascular dementia, is a type of dementia caused by widespread, microscopic areas of damage to the deep layers of white matter in the brain. The damage is the result of the thickening and narrowing (atherosclerosis) of arteries that feed the subcortical areas of the brain. Atherosclerosis (commonly known as "hardening of the arteries") is a systemic process that affects blood vessels throughout the body. It begins late in the fourth decade of life and increases in severity with age. As the arteries become more and more narrowed, the blood supplied by those arteries decreases and brain tissue dies.

10. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease • Is a human prion disease. • Three types of CJD: 1) sporadic, also called spontaneous, for which the cause is not known; 2) familial, also called genetic or inherited, which is due to a defect in the prion protein gene; 3) acquired, which is transmitted by infection due to exposure to the infectious prion from contaminated meat, or from transplant of contaminated tissues or use of contaminated instruments during surgical procedures.

11. Huntington’s Disease • is the most common genetic cause of the pattern of repetitive abnormal movements called chorea. It is a neurodegenerative disorder named after the American physician George Huntington who accurately described it in 1872, and has no current cure. • Inherited, degenerative brain disease.

12. Lewy Body Dementia • In the early 1900’s, while researching Parkinson's disease, the scientist Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning. These Lewy body proteins are found in an area of the brain stem where they deplete the neurotransmitter dopamine, causing Parkinsonian symptoms. In Lewy body dementia, these abnormal proteins are diffuse throughout other areas of the brain, including the cerebral cortex.

13. Multi-infarct Dementia P366 • also known as vascular dementia • is the second most common form of dementia • caused by a number of strokes in the brain • The term refers to a group of syndromes caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain. • vascular dementia is at least partially preventable

14. Pick’s Disease • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) describes a clinical syndrome associated with shrinking of the frontal and temporal anterior lobes of the brain. • Originally known as Pick’s disease, the name and classification of FTD has been a topic of discussion for over a century.  The current designation of the syndrome groups together Pick’s disease, primary progressive aphasia, and semantic dementia as FTD.

15. Stages of Dementia • Early stage P367 • Middle stage or moderate stage • Late or severe stage • Communication needs • Provide a safe environment

16. Providing ADL’s & Nutrition to patient • Planning ADL • The person • The activity • Your approach • The environment

17. Providing ADL’s Freedom of choice / Right to refuse • Dressing • Bathing • Grooming • Brushing teeth • Incontinence care

18. Nutritional Needs • The Alzheimer’s Association suggests the following during meal: • Provide calm surroundings • Minimize interruptions • Put only one item of food on the plate at a time • Avoid patterned plates, tablecloths & placemats • Take a break

19. Nutritional Needs • Serve several small meals • Serve finger foods • Don’t serve extremely hot foods • Limit highly salty foods or sweets • Serve snacks

20. Dealing with Behavior Problems • Wandering P368 • Incontinence • Angry / Agitated • Paranoia / Sundowner’s syndrome P369 • Aggressive / Combative P371 • Sleep disturbance • Inappropriate eating frequency • Repetitive speech / actions

21. Activities • Encouragement from caregivers • Normal life activities – sweeping, raking • Thinking abilities – puzzles • Physical activities • Social activities

22. Professional Health and Safety Training Directed Level of Care Questions?