HEALTH MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (HMIS)

2. HEALTH MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (HMIS) “A mechanism for the collection, processing, analysis and transmission of information required for organizing and operating health services, and also for research and training”.

3. THE OBJECTIVES OF HMIS • To provide reliable information • Relevant & up-to-date information • Adequate & timely information • Complete information for health managers at all levels. • Sharing of technical and scientific information • FOR • Planning purposes • Evaluate H services & programmes • Trends in demands and work load.

4. REQUIREMENTS OF HEALTH INFROMATION SYSTEMS: • The system should be population based • The system should avoid the unnecessary agglomeration of data • The system should be problem-oriented • The system should employ functional and operational terms • The system should express information briefly and imaginatively (e.g., tables, charts, percentages) • The system should make provision for the feed-back of data.

5. USES OF HMIS • To measure the health status of the people and to quantify their health problems and medical and health care needs. • For local, national and international comparisons of health status. • Data need to be standardized • Quality control. • For planning, administration and effective management of health services and programmes • For assessing whether health services are accomplishing their objectives in terms of their effectiveness and efficiency • For assessing the attitudes and degree of satisfaction of the beneficiaries with the health system, and • For research into particular problems of health and disease.

6. COMPONENTS OF HMIS • Demography and vital events • Environmental health statistics • Health status • Health resources, facilities, manpower • Utilization of health services • Financial statistics • Outcome of medical care

7. SOURCES OF HEALHT INFORMATION • Census • Registration of vital events • Sample Registration System (SRS) • Notification of Diseases • Hospital records • Disease Registers • Record Linkage • Epidemiological surveillance • Health service records • Environmental health data • Health manpower • Population surveys • Other routine statistics related to health

8. 1.CENSUS • The total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining at a specified time to all persons in a country. • Contact every member of population in a given time • Variety of information is collected • Needs • An big organization • Considerable time for full results

9. CENSUS • FIRST CENSUS IN THE WORLD-1749 • FIRST CENSUS IN INDO-PAKISTAN • 1867-72 • REPEATED IN-1881 • FIRST CENSUS IN PAKISTAN-1951 • CARRIED OUT EVERY 10 YEARS, 1961, • 1972, 1981, 1998.

10. census • Enumeration • Questionnaire method • Both combined • Enumeration • Visit of every home • Collection of desired information like age, sex, marital status, caste, educational characteristics, monthly income, occupation, rural and urban, condition of living etc • Base line information for medicine, ecology, social sciences & entire govt. system.

11. Types of census • De facto: • A person is counted where he or she is found at the time of counting • Dejure: • A person is counted at the place of his or her usual or normal residence

12. ESTIMATION OF POPULATION • Natural increase method • Arithmetic progression method (APM) • Geometric progression method

13. APM • Estimate mid year population for 1990? • First of April 1971 = 500,000 • First of April 1981 = 700,000 • increase in 10 years=700,000-500,000 • =200,000 • Increase in 1 year=200,000/10=20,000 • increase in 9 years & 3 months=20000×28/3 • 186,667 • Population in Mid year 1990=700,000+186,667 • =886,667.

14. POPULATION OF PAKISTAN

15. 2.Registration of vital events • Registration, statistical recording and reporting of occurrence of, and the collection, compilation, presentation, analysis and distribution of statistics pertaining to vital events, i.e., live births, deaths, foetal deaths, marriages, divorces, adoptions & legal separations. • Census is an intermittent of population, • Registration of vital events keeps a continuous check on demographic changes. • It can serve as a reliable source of health information. • Rural areas • Urban areas

16. 3.Notification of Diseases • The primary purpose of notification is to effect prevention and/or control of the disease. • Notification is also a valuable source of morbidity data i.e., serious menaces to public health. • Incidence of diseases in a community/ country. • Fluctuations among dis. Frequency/communities • International –cholera, plague, yellow fever • It covers small part of sickness in the community • System suffers under reporting • Escape of clinical / sub clinical cases

17. 4.Hospital records • Basic and primary source of information about diseases prevalent in the community. • No definite population served by a hospital • Health care activities and utilization can be derived from hospital records.

18. Hospital records • A study of hospital data provides information • geographic sources of patients • age and sex distribution of diff. diseases • distribution of health problems & their magnitude • association between different diseases • the period between disease and hospital admission • the distribution of patients a/c areas, social &culture • Period between disease & hospital admission • the cost of hospital care. • Bed occupancy rates • Duration of stay in the hospital • For planning & monitoring of H. services

19. 5.Disease registers • Valuable source of information about morbidity, stay in hospital, • Permanent record be established • Cases can be followed up • Morbidity registers exist only for certain diseases, acute & chronic like myocardial infarction, cancer, case fatality and survival • Mortality data, causes of deaths

20. HEALTH SYSTEM REPORTING • instruments for collection of data from FLCF • Population data collection • Patient / client record • Facility record keeping • Facility reports • Immediate report for epidemic diseases • Monthly reports • Annual reports

21. PRIORITY HEALTH PROBLEMS

23. 6.Record Linkage • The process of bringing together records relating to one individual originating in different times or places • Medical record linkage: the assembly and maintenance of a file for each individual in a population, • records relating to his healthi.e. Birth, marriage,, hospital admission and discharge & death, Sickness absence from work, prophylactic procedures, • A method for studying associations between diseases;

24. 7.Epidemiological surveillance

25. 8.Health service records • From hospital OPD • PHCs & BHUs • Polyclinics • Private hospitals • MCH centers • Specialized hospitals

26. 9.ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DATA • AIR QUALTY & POLLUTION • WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION • HARMFUL FOOD ADDITIVES • INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS • INADEQUATE WASTE • DISPOSALPOPULATION EXPLOSION • IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSES OF SISEASES

27. 10.HEALTH MANPOWER STATISTICS • No. of physicians / dentists • Age, sex • Specialty • Place of work • Hospital nurses, pharmacists • Health technicians • PMDC • No. admitted / year • No. qualified / year • No. of specialists etc