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Reproductive System

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  1. Reproductive System ACCESS H.E. Human Biology. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  2. Introduction • Male and female reproductive systems are different in shape and structure, but both are specifically designed to produce, nourish, and transport either the ova or sperm. • Male reproductive system is located both inside and outside the pelvis. • Male reproductive system consists of: testes, duct system, accessory glands such as seminal vesicles and prostate, and the penis. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

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  4. Testes Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  5. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  6. Duct system Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  7. Scrotum Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  8. Prostate gland Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  9. Seminal vesicle Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  10. Penis Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  11. Sperm, male gamete (reproduction cell) Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  12. Male Reproductive.wmv Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  13. References. • Male Reproductive.wmv • Baggaley, A. (2001) Human Body. London: Dorling Kindersley. • Seely, R. et al. (1989) Anatomy and Physiology. USA: TimesMirror/MosbyCollege. • Tortora, G. and Grabolski, S. (1993) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. USA: HarperCollins. • Tucker, L. (2002) Anatomy and Physiology. Cambridge: Holistic Therapy. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

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  15. Ovaries Clare Hargreaves-Norris

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  17. Follicle. • Small structures on the surface of the ovaries. • The follicles contain fluid and an ovum. • When an ovum is mature for fertilisation the follicle splits to release the ovum. • The mature ovum then travels along the Fallopian tube to the uterus. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  18. Fallopian tubes Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  19. Uterus Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  20. Vagina Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  21. External genitalia Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  22. Mammary glands Clare Hargreaves-Norris

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  25. Menstruation • When a baby girl is born, her ovaries contain hundreds of thousands of ova. • The ova remain inactive until puberty begins. • At puberty the pituitary gland starts making hormones. • The hormones stimulate the ovaries to produce female sex hormones, including oestrogen. • The secretion of these hormones causes a girl to develop into a sexually mature woman. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  26. Mensturation flows. • Towards the end of puberty, girls begin to release ova as part of the menstrual cycle. • Approximately once a month, during ovulation, an ovary sends a tiny ovum into one of the fallopian tubes. • Unless the egg is fertilised by a sperm while in the fallopian tube, the progesterone levels drop causing the egg to dry up. • The dried up ovum leaves the body about 2 weeks later through the uterus. • This process is called menstruation. • Blood and tissues from the endometrium of the uterus combine to form the menstrual flow. • This which usually lasts from 3 to 5 days. • On average, the monthly cycle for an adult woman is 28 days, but this may range from 23 to 35 days. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  27. Dysmenorrhoea. • Painful periods. • Many women also experience abdominal cramps during the first few days of their period. • These are caused by prostaglandin, a chemical in the body that makes the smooth muscle in the uterus contract. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

  28. Fertilisation • Sexual organs of both sexes are required for reproduction. • The female ovaries produce female gametes (ova). • The male testes produce male gametes (sperm). • Natural fertilisation occurs after sexual intercourse when the penis deposits seminal fluid into the vagina. • The sperm have a tendency to swim towards the fallopian tube containing the ovulated ovum due to chemical signals that the sperm respond to. • They are also assisted in their journey by the cilia that are located in the cervix, wafting them along. • Once the sperm fuses with the ovum, the ovum membrane adjusts to prevent any other sperm from entering. • Zygote is the name given to a fertilised ovum. • The zygote develops into a foetus. • Pregnancy will develop over a 40 week period. Clare Hargreaves-Norris

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