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ANIMAL WELFARE

ANIMAL WELFARE. ELISTA Education 2011. Evolution, Domestication, Natural Selection & Selective Breeding. Why, when studying Animal Welfare should we look at Evolution & Domestication?.

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ANIMAL WELFARE

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  1. ANIMAL WELFARE ELISTA Education 2011

  2. Evolution, Domestication, Natural Selection & Selective Breeding

  3. Why, when studying Animal Welfare should we look at Evolution & Domestication? Knowing where they have come from helps us to know what they need (evolution) but we must not forget that they have adapted through the domestication process.

  4. Evolution= “gradual development”(oxforddictionaries.com) Animals have developed gradually over time through two main processes • Convergent Evolution • Divergent Wings Pentadactyl Limb

  5. Example: Evolution of The Dog Creodonts (100-50mya) Miacis (54-38 mya) Hesperocyon (38-26) Cyodicitis (19 mya) Tomarctus (12 mya) Canidae (2 mya)

  6. Example: Evolution of The Dog

  7. Taxonomy Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Canidae Genus:Canis Species:C.lupus Subspecies: C.lupus familiaris “The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.” http://www.thefreedictionary.com/taxonomy Added 1993

  8. Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Canidae Genus:Canis Species:C.lupus Subspecies: C.lupus familiaris Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Canidae Genus:Canis Species:C.aureus (golden jackal) Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Carnivora Family:Canidae Genus:Vulpes Species:vulpes (red fox)

  9. Evolution occurs due to Natural Selection…a process termed by Darwin • Natural Selection-the ability of an animal to possess characteristics which make it the most adapted (well suited) for its environment. In being well suited for its environment it means it is more likely to survive and go on to breed and reproduce(often referred to a Survival of the Fittest) • Example of Natural Selection = peppered moth 1840’s www.clcoc.org/presentations/ peppered/peppered4

  10. Animals change to best suit their environment- we can become the environment…this happens during and after domestication

  11. Domestication • Domestication= “the process of enfolding a species into human society and taking responsibility for it’s husbandry and control over it’s breeding” (J.Clutton-Brock)

  12. Example: Domestication of Dog • Theory one:

  13. Domestication of the Dog • Theory 2:

  14. Key points to remember…when using animals ancestry to evaluate welfare (dogs) • Once were solitary, more recently social • Hunters, but also scavengers • Adapted (to feel non-threatened by humans) • Weaker/less effective predators most likely self-domesticated through natural selection • Domestication started over 10 thousand years ago.

  15. How did the breeds develop? Through breeding like with like both due to region and traits. N. American Chinese Indian European Eskimo Prehistoric Chow Dingo Pharoh Greyhound Mastiff Shepherd Spitz Terriers Borzoi Saluki Afghan Deerhound Gundogs Maltese Toy Pekin Bulldogs Pug Newfie St. Ber Gt. Dane Blood Spaniels Spaniels hound

  16. Domestic Evolution of the Early Dog how the breed groups developed Guarding = working dogs people started keeping stock Food Source herding =pastoral(humans got sense!) companion= toy + utility Hunting human hunting methods developed treking retrieving chasing+capturing hounds gundogs hounds+ terriers

  17. Domestication vs Taming Taming= “changed from a wild to a domesticated state: said as of animals trained for use by humans or as pets” Taming really relates to individual wild animals being habituated and trained to exist within a domestic environment. This is alternative to a domesticated specie that over a long period of time has come to be dependant on people. http://www.yourdictionary.com/taming

  18. Selective Breeding (changing and developing breeds-selecting traits)

  19. Overview… Process of Domestication Wild Animal species evolving to suit environment Selective Breeding Lots of different breeds Taming Specie= genetically different, breeds genetically same*

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