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Middle East: The Birthplace of Religion

Comunicación y Gerencia. Middle East: The Birthplace of Religion. Click to add Text. Jerusalem, Holy City. Judaism. Oldest major religion 1300 BCE First to teach monotheism Trace ancestry to Abraham Three main branches: Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed. Beliefs / Teachings.

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Middle East: The Birthplace of Religion

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  1. Comunicación y Gerencia Middle East: The Birthplace of Religion Click to add Text

  2. Jerusalem, Holy City

  3. Judaism Oldest major religion 1300 BCE First to teach monotheism Trace ancestry to Abraham Three main branches: Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed

  4. Beliefs/Teachings • OnlyoneGod, Yahweh • ObeyGod’scommandments • Live a moral and ethicallife

  5. CovenantwithGod • PromisewithGod • Ten CommandmentsfromMoses • God’sChosenPeople & wouldlive in thepromisedland, Canaan • AssuresJews of God’slove & protection

  6. HolyBook • Torah(OldTestament) • First 5 books crucial • Basic laws & history • Talmud, serves as a “guide”

  7. Structure • Synagogue – house of worship • Rabbi – spiritual leader • Religiousday: sundownon Friday tosundownonSaturday • Do notactivelyseekconverts

  8. HolyDays/Festivals • RoshHashanah, New Year • YomKippur, Day of Atonement • Hanukkah, Festival of Lights • Bar Mitzvah/BatMitzvah • Passover, freedomfromEgypt

  9. OrthodoxCustoms • No porkorshellfish • DietaryLaws: storemeat & milkproductsseparately, separate sets of utencils, Kosher (rituallycorrect) • Do notwork, travel, orcarrymoneyontheSabbath

  10. Jews over the ages have built a series of temples in Jerusalem • They are the focus of Jewish practices and beliefs • Western Wall: (Wailing Wall) symbolizes the site of ancient temples • Jews say prayers to this stone wall, and write prayers on small pieces of paper left in the cracks of the wall.

  11. Christianity 2nd oldest major religion, 30 CE Largest religious group Monotheistic Salvation through Jesus Three main branches: Roman Catholic, Orthodox, & Protestant

  12. Spread of Christianity • Spread orallyby 12 apostles • FirstChristianswereJews • New Testament

  13. Beliefs/Teachings • Only 1 God • GodcreatedtheUniverse • Holy Trinity, God has 3 parts: Father, Son, & HolySpirit • 2 importantpractices: baptism, HolyCommunion • Basedonlife & teachings of Jesus

  14. HolyBook/HolyDays • Bible, Old & New Testament • Sabbath, day of rest • Lent, preparationforEaster • Palm Sunday • Good Friday • Easter • Christmas

  15. Islam 3rd oldest major religion, 622 CE in Mecca Fastest spreading religion 2nd largest group Founder: Muhammad Monotheistic Two main branches: Sunni & Shi’i

  16. Spread of Islam • Spread orallyby Muhammad & hisfollowers • Muslimarmiesconqueredempiresthathadweakenedovertheyears. • Qur’an/Koran, writtenwords of Allah, as spokento Muhammad • Followers of Islam: Muslims

  17. Beliefs/Teachings • Only 1 God, Allah • Series of prophets, includingMoses & Jesus • Day of Judgement, submittothewill of God • Moral behavior • FivePillars

  18. HolyBook/HolyDays • Qur’an/Koran, foundationforIslamic social law • Ramadan, holiestmonth in Islam, month of fasting • Hajj, pilgrimagetoMecca • Muhammad’sBirthday

  19. Customs/Traditions • FivePillars: Faith, Prayer (5 times/day), Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage • DietaryLaws: no porkor alcohol • Mosque, holy place of worship • Imam, prayer leader • Hijab: head covering/bodycovering, principle of modesty • Menmayhave more than 1 wife • Babiesnamedon 7th day

  20. Islam • Kabba:This place is considered to be the center of the earth. It is the world's first and oldest worshiping place since the times of Adam and Eve. All of the Allah's Prophets have come and prayed here, one time or another. It’s known as Kabba, meaning square or four sides, East ,West, North, South.

  21. Dome of the Rock • The sacred rock over which the Dome of the Rock is built was considered holy before the arrival of Islam. Jews believed, and still believe, the rock to be the very place where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac.

  22. In addition, the Dome of the Rock is believed by many to stand directly over the site of the Holy of Holies of both Solomon's Temple and Herod's Temple. • The Dome of the Rock was built in 688 to 691 AD. It was not intended to be a mosque, but a shrine for pilgrims. • According to tradition, the Dome of the Rock was built to commemorate Muhammad's ascension into heaven after his night journey toJerusalem.

  23. Religion in the Middle East • Jerusalem is holy to the three largest monotheistic religions in the world: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Many of the holiest places of Christianity are found in present-day Israel. Christianity spread out towards Western Europe where the majority of Christians lived by the Middle Ages. • Islam flourished in the Middle East in the 800’s and Arabic became the official language of this region. • Except for the Crusades, the Middle East has been dominated by Muslims for almost 1400 years.

  24. WWII: Jewish claims to the region, especially the land of Palestine; the creation of the State of Israel has brought religious tension to the region and the continuous fight over who rightfully owns the land. • Dominance over the region has shifted from one religious affiliation to another over the years, bringing battles both political and religious that continue to this day.

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