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SCLY3 Beliefs Revision Cards 2014. Awwwwww…….so cute…love it hun !!!. The specification at a glance. Contents. Role of Religion Religion and Social Change Religious organisations (incl. NRMs etc ) Gender and religion Ethnicity and religion Age and religion Social Class and religion
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Contents • Role of Religion • Religion and Social Change • Religious organisations (incl. NRMs etc) • Gender and religion • Ethnicity and religion • Age and religion • Social Class and religion • Postmodernism/globalisation • Ideology and Science • Secularisation
Religion as a source of harmony/stability Religion can cause social change/conflict
Social Control Legitimation Ideology Compensation • Religion as a source of compensation • Bliss in the after life • Supernatural intervention • Explains/justifies inequality • Virtue of suffering
MARXIST VIEW Examples of religion supporting capitalism Correspondence principle Creates obedient, docile workers
2. Religion & Social Change • Examples • New Christian Right • Al Qaeda • Hamas • Islam and the West • Modernising too rapidly and ignoring needs of the poor = resentment against West • Led to rise of fundamentalism • (Armstrong)
2. Religion & Social Change Reactionary = conservative change
2. Religion & Social Change (bring together) WEBER Functionalism Religion promote social change Feminism yes no Marxism NEO-MARXISTS Other considerations McGuire Factors affecting whether religion can cause social change • Fundamentalism • Different NRMS • Cultural defence • Religion causing conflict • Clash of civilisations
3. Religious organisations Typologies – at a glance
3. Religious Organisation • Evaluation of ‘church’ typology • Bruce – pre-modern societies • Religious pluralism in Christianity (no single church) • Today – not majority membership • Today – not always support state (growing tension between church/state) • Today – not always conservative • Today – pluralism – no claim on monopoly of truth - ecumenicalism • Evaluation of ‘sect’ typology • World Affirming Sects – low demand • Self-religions – pro society • Many are like bureaucracies/structure • Some are quite large (almost like denominations) • Middle class attracted to some sects Churches appear to be declining…sects increasing
3. Religious Organisation Since 1960s – term cults replaced with ‘New Religious Movements’
New religious movements since 1970s = new categories needed. Wallis defines them in terms of (a) relationship to the outside world (b) whether they reject/affirm/accommodate the world • Evaluation points (from Beckford): • Difficult to apply categories • Ignores diversity of views ‘within’ a sect/cult
3. Reasons for growth of NRMs – GLOCK & STARK (deprivation)
3. Growth of NRMs (bring together) NRMS NAMS Define/describe Cults/Sects Why have NRMS grown in recent years? Disillusioned with traditional religion Social Change Wilson • Anomie • Uncertainty – crisis of meaning • Traditional morality desired Authentic, joyful, caring Relative deprivation Marginality • Lack community • Status frustration • Feel ‘something missing’ • Spiritually deprived • Weber • Theodicy of dispriv. Other Forms of deprivation • Glock & Stark • Organismic • Psychic • Ethical • World Rejecting Sects • Millenarian Movts
Puttick (1997) - ‘women have always been the greatest consumers of religion’
4. EThnicity & Religiosity Remember to note the differences between Afro-Caribbean and Pakistani/Bangladeshi religiosity
4. Age & Religiosity • Under 15s high • Parental pressure
5. Religion, Renewal and Choice(postmodernism and other stuff)
5. Religion, Renewal and Choice(postmodernism and other stuff)
5. Globalisation & Religion • Key issues: • Religion and development • Fundamentalism • Cultural defence • Clash of civilisations
5. Religion & Globalisation (bring together) Consumerism Economic growth India • Think about • Links to role of religion • Secularisation debate • Religion & conflict • Conservative force or social change? 1. Religion & Development Latin America Ascetic Economic growth Relationship between religion & globalisation 2.Fundamentalism 4. Clash of Civilisations Vs cosmopolitanism Religious differences = source of identity today 3.Cultural defence Detraditionalisation Globalisation = increased contact Nation state and politics less important as sources of identity Response/challenge to external threat • Cultural defence • Source of identity Hard to resolve religious differences = deep rooted culturally Poland (1989) Iran (1979) Colonies/invasion & Cargo cults, Millenarian Movts Liberation Theology
