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27.2

27.2. Imperialism Nigeria. New Period of Imperialism. 18 th – 19 th century differed from 15 th – 16 th Earlier Imp. did not penetrated interior of Africa and Asia New period demands economic, political and cultural changes Four forms of Imp. 1. C olony 2. Protectorate

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27.2

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  1. 27.2 Imperialism Nigeria

  2. New Period of Imperialism • 18th – 19th century differed from 15th – 16th • Earlier Imp. did not penetrated interior of Africa and Asia • New period demands economic, political and cultural changes • Four forms of Imp. 1. Colony 2. Protectorate 3. Sphere of influence 4. Economic • Two methods of management • Indirect and direct control

  3. Forms of ImperialismPg. 780 • Colony • Country or territory governed internally by foreign power • Example Somaliland (French colony) • Protectorate • Country or territory with own internal government but controlled by outside power • British and Niger River delta • Sphere of Influence • Area claimed by outside power for investment and trading privileges • Liberia controlled by the United States • Economic Imperialism • Independent, but less-developed country controlled by “private” business – not governments • Dole Fruit company and pineapple trade in Hawaii

  4. Management Methods • Indirect Control • Relied on existing local officials • Limited self-rule • Goal: develop future leaders • Gov. based on European styles • Ex. British in Nigeria, India, Burma • Ex. U.S. colonies in Philippines • Direct Control • Paternalism: Euros governed like a parent • Foreign officials rule • No self-rule • Goal: Assimilation • Gov. based on European styles • Ex. French colonies (Somaliland and Vietnam) • Ex. German colonies (East Africa) • Ex. Portuguese colonies (Angola)

  5. Assimilation vs. Acculturation • Assimilation: the process through which people lose their differentiating traits to a dominant culture • French used policy • U.S. and American Indian • Acculturation: process by which a minority cultural adopts certain customs and attitudes of the majority, but manages to stay a distinct, although, altered, society.

  6. Nigeria and Britain • G.B. gains control through diplomacy and military means • B.C. gives G.B. control of Niger River Delta • Royal Niger Company • Gains control over palm-oil trade • 1914 gains total control of Nigeria • Managing Nigeria • Not easy due to cultural diversity (493 languages) • 250 different ethnic groups • British turn to indirect rule

  7. African Resistance • Lack of weapons = unequal fight • Active military resistance and religious movements • unsuccessful • Algeria’s (north west Africa) 50-year resistance of France • Mandingo Empire vs. France • Led by Samori Toure’ • Fought France for 16 years • German East Africa and Maji Maji rebellion • “Magic water” protected fighters • German machine guns killed thousands • Germans change policy due to massacre

  8. Ethiopia • Only nation to effectively resist • Menelik II emperor • Pits Italy, France and England against each other • Buys weapons from France and Russia • Declares war with Italy after finding differences in wording within their treaty • Battle of Adowa 1896 • Ethiopian forces defeat Italians • Keep independence

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