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Understanding Viruses: Structure, Replication, and Host Interaction

This overview delves into the fundamental characteristics of viruses, highlighting their non-cellular nature and basic structure, which comprises nucleic acid and a protein coat. Viruses, lacking cytoplasm and essential cellular machinery like ribosomes, depend on host cells for replication, often causing damage to the infected cells. Key viral structures include helical and icosahedral forms, with examples like poliovirus showcasing the latter's façade of 20 triangular facets. Understanding these concepts is crucial for comprehending viral behavior and impacts on health.

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Understanding Viruses: Structure, Replication, and Host Interaction

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Ch 27.1 and 27.2 By: Dom Carter and Matt McKay

  2. Viruses • Viruses aren’t cells • Has a basic structure with a core nucleic acid surrounded by a protein • Lacks a cytoplasm • Viruses contain only a single nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA

  3. Structure of virions • There are 4 structures, helical, icosahedral, binal, or polymorphic

  4. Viruses replicate by taking over host machinery • A cell with a virus is often damaged by infection • Viruses can reproduce only when they enter cells • When viruses are outside the cell, viral particles are called virions and are metabocaly inert.

  5. Continued… • Viruses lack ribosomes and the enzymes necessary for protein synthesis • Viruses hijack the transcription and translation systems to produce the viral proteins from early genomes.

  6. Most viruses come in two simple shapes • Most viruses are either helical or icosahedral • Helical viruses have a rodlike or threadlike appearance • Icosahedral have a soccer ball shape • Icosahedron is a structure with 20 equilateral triangular facets

  7. Icosahedral virion • Poliovirus has icosahedral symmetry

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