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Basic introduction to computers

CHAPTER 1. Basic introduction to computers. Objectives Overview. See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives. A World of Technology. Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate

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Basic introduction to computers

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  1. CHAPTER 1 Basic introduction to computers SSK3000/SEMESTER 1 2014/2015

  2. Objectives Overview Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives

  3. A World of Technology • Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate • Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the Internet, and related technologies Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Pages 2 - 3 Figure 1-1

  4. Computers • A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Page 4

  5. What Is a Computer? • Input—entering data into the computer • Processing—performing operations on the data • Output—presenting the results • Storage—saving data, programs, or output for future use Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Page 6

  6. What Is a Computer? Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Page 6

  7. Data and Information Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Page 11 Figure 1-11

  8. The Components of a Computer • A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Pages 6 - 8

  9. The Components of a Computer Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Page 7 Figure 1-3

  10. The Components of a Computer Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Page 15

  11. The Components of a Computer • Hardware • The physical parts of a computer • Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external (located outside of the system unit) • Software • Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do Hardware Software Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Page 7 Figure 1-3

  12. Programs and Apps • Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Pages 25 - 26 Figure 1-28

  13. Programs and Apps • Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware • Once installed, you can run an application so that you can interact with it • You interact with a program or application through its user interface Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Page 27

  14. Programs and Apps • A software developer, sometimes called an application developer or computer programmer, is someone who develops programs and apps or writes the instructions that direct the computer or mobile device to process data into information Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Page 28 Figure 1-29

  15. Classification of Computers • Types of computers include: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 104

  16. Desktops and Mobile Computers • A personal computer (PC) is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one person at a time • A mobile computer is a portable personal computer, designed so that a user easily can carry it from place to place Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 104

  17. Desktops and Mobile Computers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 105 Figure 3-1

  18. Desktops and Mobile Computers • A desktop, or desktop computer, is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Pages 106 – 107 Figure 3-3

  19. Desktops and Mobile Computers • A laptop, also called a notebook computer, is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 108 Figure 3-4

  20. Desktops and Mobile Computers • A tabletis a thin, lightweight mobile computer that has a touch screen Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 109 Figure 3-5

  21. Desktops and Mobile Computers • A handheld computer is a computer small enough to fit in one hand Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 111 Figure 3-7

  22. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Pages 20 - 23

  23. Servers • A serveris a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network • Rack server • Blade server • Tower server Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Pages 111 – 112 Figure 3-8

  24. Servers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 111 Table 3-1

  25. Servers • A mainframeis a large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Pages 112 – 113 Figure 3-9

  26. Supercomputers • A supercomputeris the fastest, most powerful computer — and the most expensive Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 113 Figure 3-10

  27. Terminals • A terminalis a computer, usually with limited processing power, that enables users to send data to and/or receive information from a server, or host computer • A thin client is a terminal that looks like a desktop but has limited capabilities and components • Most retail stores use a POS terminal to record purchases, process credit or debit cards, and update inventory Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 113 Figure 3-11

  28. Terminals • An ATM(automated teller machine) is a self-service banking terminal that connects to a host computer through a network Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 114 Figure 3-12

  29. Cloud Computing • Cloud computing refers to an environment of servers that house and provide access to resources users access through the Internet Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 116 Figure 3-14

  30. Mobile Devices • A smartphoneis an Internet-capable phone that usually also includes a calendar, an appointmentbook, an address book, a calculator, a notepad, games, browser, and numerous other apps • Many smartphones have touch screens. Instead of or in addition to a touch screen, some have a built-in mini keyboard on the front of the phone or a keyboard that slides in and out from behind the phone Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 117

  31. Mobile Devices Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 118 Figure 3-15

  32. Mobile Devices • A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take photos and store the photographedimages digitally Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 120 Figure 3-16

  33. Mobile Devices Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 121 Figure 3-17

  34. Mobile Devices • A portable media player, sometimes called a personal media player, is a mobile device on which you can store, organize, and play or view digital media Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 122 Figure 3-19

  35. Mobile Devices • An e-book reader (short for electronic book reader), or e-reader, is a mobile device that is used primarily for reading e-books and other digital publications Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 124 Figure 3-20

  36. Game Devices • A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games • A handheld game device is a small mobile device that contains a screen, speakers, controls, and game console all in one unit • Game controllers include gamepads, joysticks and wheels, dance pads, and a variety of motion-sensing controllers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 125

  37. Game Devices Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 125 Figure 3-21

  38. Embedded Computers • An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Pages 126 - 127

  39. Embedded Computers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 127 Figure 3-22

  40. Putting It All Together Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 128 Table 3-3

  41. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Advantages of Using Computers Disadvantages of Using Computers Pages 9 - 10 Discovering Computers : Chapter 1

  42. Digital Safety and Security • Green computinginvolves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer • Strategies include: • Recycling • Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features • Regulating manufacturing processes • Extending the life of computers • Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Page 25

  43. Computer Applications in Society Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Pages 34 - 36 Figures 1-36 – 1-39

  44. Computer Applications in Society Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 Pages 36 - 38 Figures 1-40 – 1-43

  45. Technology Users Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Pages 38 - 39

  46. Computer History • The computer that we use now is a fairly recent invention • The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations, from pre-computers and early computers (before 1945) to fifth generation computers (now and the future) • Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development Discovering Computers : Chapter 1

  47. Computer History (cont’d) • The first calculating device, which was used 2000 years ago was called abacus • In  1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of computer, developed a machine called analytical engine which was the base for the modern digital computer • Other early computing devices include the slide rule, the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman Hollerith’s Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter Discovering Computers : Chapter 1

  48. Computer History (cont’d) • First - Generation Computers (approximately 1946 - 1957) • The electronic digital computers, which were introduced in 1950's, were using vacuum tubes • ENIAC • Was developed during World War II • UNIVAC • Released in 1951 Discovering Computers : Chapter 1

  49. Computer History (cont’d) • Second - Generation Computers (approximately 1958 - 1963) • used transistors • A small device made of semiconductor material • Programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were developed and implemented • Computers used by military, government and big business Discovering Computers : Chapter 1

  50. Computer History (cont’d) • Third - Generation Computers (approximately 1964 - 1970) • Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs) • Also know as chips • Keyboards and monitors were introduced for input and output • Magnetic disks were typically used for storage • Cheap, fast and reliable • Used by small business Discovering Computers : Chapter 1

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