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INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT

This document explores the critical significance of innovation and development in integrating computer technology within K-12 schools. It discusses the historical context of technology adoption influenced by the competition with Russia’s space program and the key stakeholders involved in addressing the challenges of technology integration. The stages of the innovation-decision process are examined, from initial knowledge and persuasion to confirmation and adoption of technology in classrooms. The paper also highlights the importance of collaboration, professional development, and equitable technology distribution to enhance learning experiences.

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INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT

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  1. INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT Valeria Shanks Education 8841 Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education

  2. INTRODUCTION What is the significance of Innovation development for computer technology in K-12 schools?

  3. WHY WAS THERE A NEED TO INTRODUCE TECHNOLOGY? Competition with Russia’s space program

  4. RESEARCH • What organization (people) developed a solution to the problem? • What were the findings? • Who were the lead thinkers for innovation of computer technology?

  5. DEVELOPMENT • What problems were encountered in the development process? • Who was the intended audience for computer technology?

  6. COMMERCIALIZATION • Process for production, manufacturing, packaging, marketing, and distribution for Apple which was the first company to donate computers to schools.

  7. Computers evolve through innovation-decision process Knowledge Persuasion Decision Implementation Confirmation

  8. Stage 1—KnowledgeComputer innovation • Apple I PC computers are donated to classrooms

  9. Stage II-Persuasion • 1979 ---Personal computers popularity grows worldwide • 1981---IBM develops drill and practice software for schools

  10. Stages 3 and 4Decision/Implementation • 1983 Apple II computer gains acceptance into classrooms

  11. Stage 5--Confirmation • 1984—Apple Macintosh computer is developed • 1986– K-12 schools use computers for instruction and guidance purposes • 1990—Multimedia PCs are developed • 1994—multimedia capabilities are popularized in schools • 1995—and beyond Internet gains popularity in schools

  12. Timeline for computer innovation decision process

  13. Innovativeness and Five Adopter Categories Innovators: Venturesome Early Adopters Respect Early Majority Deliberate Late Majority Skeptical Laggards: Traditional Traditional

  14. Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovations

  15. S Curve for Computers • The S Curve for the Personal computer has reached maturity.

  16. Who are the least likely to adopt computer technology? • Late Majority: Skeptical • Laggards: Traditional

  17. Attributes that affect computer technology adoption • 1.Relative advantage • 2. Compatibility • 3. Trialability

  18. Computer technology adoption(Benefits) • Connection with business and government • Enhances problem solving skills • Collaboration and distance education • Exposure to variety of computer programs and software (sharing data) • Meets challenges of global communication • Preparation for current and future job market • Students produce higher-quality work

  19. Predictability for future usage • Schools must alter teaching strategies • Generate support for technology from parents, community, and business personnel • Continual professional development activities for educators on technology usage • Equitable distribution of computers among socioeconomic groups

  20. Hybrid ---centralized and decentralized combines centralized and decentralized 1. (overall control will rest with local experts) (Research) 2. Encourage diffusion through peer networks • Problem-centered approach created by needs • A high-degree of local adaptation

  21. Change Agents for adoption of computer technology • School Superintendents • Curriculum Directors • Principals • Teachers

  22. Change agent for technology integration • 1) develop a need for change • 2) establish an information exchange relationship • 3) translate an intent into action

  23. Computer Technology Critical Mass • Computer technology has reached critical mass. • My proposal is to integrate technology in K-12 schools that has not adopted a school-wide plan for technology usage. • Every teacher and child have access to a computer for instructional purposes.

  24. REFERENCES A brief history of computers in education (n.d.)Science and Technology Communications. Retrieved from http://mstf.org/a-brief-history-of-computers-in-education.htm Apple Computer Inc. (n.d.) Early History Retrieved from <a href=http://ecommerce.hostip.info/pages/51/Apple-Computer-Inc-EARLY-HISTORY.html> Cator, K. (2011). Cator says national tech plan puts learning first. T.H.E. Journal, 38 (1). Lu, R., Overbaugh, R. (2009). School environment and technology implementation in K-12 classrooms. Computers in the Schools, 26 89-106, DOI: 10.1080/07380560902906096. Murdock, Everett (2007) History, the History of Computers, and the History of Computers in Education. Retrieved from http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html. Rogers, E. (1962) Diffusion of innovations. Free Press, London, NY, USA. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press. Zuniga, R., (2010) Computer Technology Integration Into the Public School Classroom - A Qualitative Update. Academic Leadership the Online Journal. Retrieved from http://www.academicleadership.org/article/Computer_Technology_Integration_Into_the_Public_School_Classroom_-_A_Qualitative_Update

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