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Cognitive Science of Learning

Cognitive Science of Learning. Introduction of Desirable Difficulties: Conditions of instruction that appear to create difficulties for the learner, slowing the rate of apparent learning, often optimize long-term retention and transfer. Dr. Bjork’s findings for optimal learning:

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Cognitive Science of Learning

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  1. Cognitive Science of Learning • Introduction of Desirable Difficulties: • Conditions of instruction that appear to create difficulties for the learner, slowing the rate of apparent learning, often optimize long-term retention and transfer. • Dr. Bjork’s findings for optimal learning: • vary study location • interleave vs. block • test vs. restudy/reread

  2. Testing Serves as Learning Events • Testing as an assessment vehicle vs. a learning vehicle • Recalling information is more powerful than presentation of information • The reality: Students re-presenting information to themselves (i.e., reading a chapter over and over again, underlining things, etc.), focusing on storage rather than retrieval

  3. Catalytic Grant Study Orr and Ramakrishna • Have you ever heard: • “I studied so hard, and it just didn’t work!” • Our question: • How will frequent testing impact students in Introductory Biology? • Implemented by studying the effects of giving required pre-exam quizzes throughout the Fall 2011 semester. • online homework platform used to implement quizzing

  4. Observations • Students found quizzing frustrating and difficult. • Percentage of quiz takers decreased throughout the semester • Decrease was most dramatic with the “non-honors” students.

  5. Comparison of Exam Averages for Quiz- Takers to Non-Quiz Takers, Fall 2011

  6. Student Perception • Learners aren’t always good judges of effective study techniques. • Errors are often assumed to reflect inadequacies of the instructor, the student, or both • Level of frustration amongst students in response to pre-exam quizzing was high.

  7. Take Home Message • Reviewing notes/rereading chapters over-estimation of learning • Conditions that appear to create difficultiesoptimize long-term retention and transfer • Spend less time on the input side, and more time on the output side!

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