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Post combustion capture of CO 2

Post combustion capture of CO 2. Nick Otter. International Workshop on “Power Generation with CCS in India” Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, India 22 nd January 2008. CO 2 capture solutions Zero emission technology pathways. Power Plant with CO 2 Capture. FOCUS OF ALSTOM. Oxy. -. combustion.

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Post combustion capture of CO 2

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  1. Post combustion capture of CO2 Nick Otter International Workshop on “Power Generation with CCS in India” Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, India 22nd January 2008

  2. CO2 capture solutionsZero emission technology pathways Power Plant with CO2 Capture FOCUS OF ALSTOM Oxy - combustion Pre - combustion Post - combustion (New + retrofit ) (New + retrofit ) (New plants only) Source: Vattenfall Source: Vattenfall Source: Vattenfall Source: Vattenfall Main goal: Cost of CO2 avoided: < 20 €/t CO2

  3. ……..importance of addressing existing base, especially recently/to be installed Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) supplies in worldwide power plants GW Total World end 2005~ 4100 GW OEM supplied at least the Turbine, the Generator, or the Steam Generator Source: UDI - ALSTOM

  4. CO2 capture solutions :Post-Combustion opportunities and challenges Opportunities Challenges Cost • Solvent regeneration • Solvent consumption • CO2 compression • Integration Technology • Adapt to low pressure • New solvents • Advanced process • Scale-up validation • Corrosion issues • Adaptation to installed base • Large industrial experience • Partial capture • Adaptable to all boilers • Retrofitable • Operation flexibility • Potential in other industries • Advanced technologies in pipeline Innovation

  5. 1,350 BTU/lb Going down the experience curve : Post Combustion CO2 Capture ABB Lummus 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Parsons- Study (Fluor) Data of current projects Advanced Amines 3150 kJ/kg Chillled Ammonia Process Heat of Reaction [kJ/kg] Advanced Amines ProcessInnovations Process Optimisation ProcessOptimisation 1995 2000 2005 2015 2010 CO2 €/T 45-35 35-25 25-15 (not including transport and storage)

  6. Development Plan of Chilled Ammonia Process

  7. Chilled ammonia process A promising technology for post combustion carbon capture Principle • Ammonia (NH3) reacts with CO2 and water. It forms ammonia carbonate or bicarbonate • Moderately raising the temperatures reverses the above reactions – releasing CO2

  8. Chilled ammonia technology validated at large bench scale Results • 90% Capture demonstrated • On CO2 concentrations as low as 3-4% • Bicarbonate solids are easy to handle • Low NH3 emissions obtained • Regeneration validated • Results used to design field pilot systems at We Energies and E.ON 0.25 MW Large Bench scale

  9. Chilled ammonia technology being addressed at field pilot scale : coal 5 MWt Pilot Plant (USA) Start-up end 2007 Advantages • High efficiency capture of CO2 and low heat of reaction • Low cost reagent • No degradation during absorption-regeneration • Tolerance to oxygen and contaminations in flue gas

  10. Mongstad 40 MWth Chilled ammonia technology being addressed at demonstration scale : gas Start-up 2010 – 100 kt/yr CO2 shipped to Snøvit in North Sea

  11. CO2 capture solutions :Oxy-combustion opportunities and challenges Opportunities Challenges Cost • Cryogenic oxygen • CO2 compression • Heat flow optimisation • Integration Time • On time Development Technology • Scale-up validation • Adaptation to installed base • Innovation • Lowest technological risk option • Same power gen size possible • Repowering and Retrofit • All boiler technologies adaptable • Potential boiler size reduction • Fuel flexibility • Rupture technology in pipeline • Gasification Innovation

  12. Going down the experience curve : Oxy Combustion CO2 Capture Large ASU 400 375 300 250 200 150 Non cryo O2 production ENCAP studies Large Demos Energy requirements [KWh / TCO2] • Heat of Reaction (BTU/lb) Chemical looping Process Optimisation Integration & Process Improvt Scale economy Process Innovation 2020 2000 2010 2030 CO2 €/T 40-25 30-15 25-10 (not including transport and storage)

  13. Oxy-combustion:30 MWth oxyfuel demonstration Test of CO2 capture at Vattenfall Site „Schwarze Pumpe“ • Goal: validation and improvement of oxyfuel process starting 2008 Main parameters • 5,2 t/h Solid Fuel, 10 t/h Oxygen • 40 t/h Steam,9 t/h Carbon Dioxide Source: Vattenfall Alstom supplies the oxy-boiler (as well as steam generator and electrostatic precipitator)

  14. Advanced Capture Processes O2 fired CFB • Oxygen Fired CFB • Chemical Looping • Combustion • Gasification Chemical Looping Combustion H2 Chemical Looping Gasification

  15. Oxy-fired PC, Oxy-fired CFB andChemical Looping 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 - 20 Oxy-fired PC Lab scale tests (500kWt) 1 Demonstration scale tests (30MWt) 2 Utility scale tests (250MWe) 3 Commercialization 4 Oxy-fired CFB Pilot scale (3MWt) 1 Demonstration Scale tests (10-40MWe) 2 Utility scale tests (>150MWe) 3 Commercialization 4 Chemical Looping Bench tests (10-100 kWt) 1 Pilot scale (1-3 MWt) 2 Demonstration scale tests 10-20 MWe 3 Utility scale 50-100MWe 4 Com 5 Source : ALSTOM analysis

  16. Carbon capture technology comparison Cost discovery zone * * Based on a 400 MWnet design, versus 650 Mwnet for other technologies A portfolio of technologies must be validated at large scale

  17. www.alstom.com

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