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39-1 The Endocrine System

39-1 The Endocrine System. Control of the Body by Feedback Control of Hormones. Control of the Body. The body is controlled by two systems:. Nervous system Endocrine System. * These two systems work together.

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39-1 The Endocrine System

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  1. 39-1 The Endocrine System Control of the Body by Feedback Control of Hormones

  2. Control of the Body The body is controlled by two systems: • Nervous system • Endocrine System • * These two systems work together

  3. Analogy from the textbook: If your nervous system is like a telephone then your endocrine system sends out messages like _________ waves.

  4. Endocrine System • Series of endocrine glands that release chemicals, called hormones, directly into the blood stream. • Because the hormoneneeds to travel through the blood stream, the response by the body is usually not immediate. • Only target cells, cells that have protein receptors specific to the hormone, respond.

  5. Endocrine Gland Locations (Fig. 39-2) Hypothalamus-controls the pituitary Pineal Gland-releases melatonin which regulates sleep cycles Thyroid-Produces thyroxine which increases metabolism Pituitary gland-master gland… has an effect on many other glands Pancreas-Produces insulin and glucagon which control blood glucose levels Parathyroid glands-regulates calcium levels in the blood Ovary-produces estrogen and progesterone… which prepares the uterus for the egg Thymus-stimulates “T” cell development Testis-produces testosterone Adrenal glands-produce epinepharine and norepinepharine which accelerate the metabolism by promoting the breakdown of glucose to make ATP

  6. Hormone Action • Steroid Hormones- Made out of Lipids • Amino Acid Hormones-Made out of Protein There are two basic types of hormones.

  7. What is feedback control? How does it control the action of hormones?

  8. Here is a non-biological example of feedback control.

  9. This is a picture of my wife and I. I love vacation!

  10. Shopping makes me happy! She likes to shop! This is our bank.

  11. Shopping vs. Money in the Bank Relative Quantity Time

  12. No more shopping! No more Money!

  13. Negative Feedback Control No money No Shopping Not Happy!

  14. How about a biological example? Regulation of Blood Glucose levels

  15. Blood Sugar Levels are Regulated by the Pancreas • When you have high blood sugar, the pancreas produces insulin which allows the cells to absorb the sugar and your liver to remove sugar from the circulatory system. • When you have low blood sugar, the pancreas produces glucagon, which causes the liver to increase the blood sugar by breaking glycogen down into glucose and releasing it into the circulatory system.

  16. Regulation of blood glucose levels insulin glucagon Blood Glucose levels 8:00 9:00 10:00 Hours

  17. Levels of insulin and glucogon during exercise insulin Hormone levels in the blood glucogon Time Exercising

  18. Which disease effects this regulatory system and how common is it in the U.S.? This disease effects over 15 million Americans, which is about 6% of the population. Experts say that 1/3 of those people with diabetes do not even know that they have it. Diabetes

  19. Blood-Glucose Regulation Activity Path of glucose through the tissue Pancreas Liver Glucogon Glucose Insulin

  20. Endocrine Gland Locations (Fig. 39-2) Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Thyroid Pituitary gland Pancreas Parathyroid glands Ovary Thymus Testis Adrenal glands

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