1. Overview Summary from Africa and ASEAN assistance Dr. Peter Pembleton, UNIDO

2. Topics from framework • Government actions, e.g. • trade policies • removal of technical, legal and administrative barriers to technology transfer • sound economic policy • regulatory frameworks and • transparency Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

3. UNIDO past assistance… • …aimed to mobilize national & (sub-) regional capacity & develop mechanisms that support industry in the context of the Convention & its Protocol Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

4. …had 3 phases • National review of industry & past CC/CDM activities—background studies • Detailed capacity & targeted technology needs assessments—preparatory assistance • Programme implementation—learning-by-doing Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

5. …included activities • National reviews of needs for (national experts consulting with key stakeholders) • Technology in (2) energy-intensive industrial sectors / country + • Related capacity • Barriers to be removed • Determination of key stakeholders • Examination of SD / SID objectives & indicators Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

6. …included activities • National development of (teams of national experts in full consultation with key stakeholders) • Preliminary portfolio of industrial (CDM) projects + related • Barrier removal strategies • ‘Integrated’ capacity building programme • Public-private partnerships • Network & knowledge base Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

7. …determined groups of needs • Increased information and awareness • Technical advisory services • Improved legal / regulatory environment • Improved economic framework • Better flows of FDI and finance • Improved institutional support for all the above Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

8. … & proposed interventions • Technology & energy • Investment • Legislation / Regulations • Information • Tools • NB: the focus of UNIDO’s assistance was primarily on industry & the CDM but most of the results are valid also for the Convention & the technology framework! The following were recommended in Africa Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

9. Regional interventions • Harmonize policies • Review national and regional investment, trade, environment and technology / technology transfer policies • Identify gaps / differences / sensitize policy makers on the need to incorporate climate change issues in (regional) investment, trade, and technology transfer policies • Improve financial flows • Develop a Sustainable Industrial Development Fund • Improve norms / standards Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

10. National interventions • Develop appropriate legal framework and national legislation & improve the business environment • developed, implemented and enforced policy, legal and regulatory instruments • undertake surveys and seek consensus of key stakeholders through workshops, seminars, reviews inter alia on the following topics Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

11. National interventions (contd)… • Incorporate and ratify UNFCCC protocols and mechanisms into national laws • Remove import duties and taxes on imported technologies • Reduce and simplify investment approvals and procedures and licence fees • Develop and implement fiscal and monetary incentives to encourage and promote efficient use of energy (includes review of energy pricing & subsidies on fossil fuels based technologies) • Privatise key agro-based industries Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

12. National interventions (contd)… • Develop physical infrastructure and open to private investors • Increase public funds allocated to development of innovation systems, structures and institutions • Create venture capital to support innovation • Reduce bank interest rates • Achieve macro-economic stability • Achieve political stability and good governance • Reduce time required to settle commercial disputes Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

13. Investment • Investment opportunities • Costs of investments • BOO/BOT Joint Venture • Financial schemes • Risks / security / insurance Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

14. Legislation/regulations • Incorporation of international treaties into national legal system • Regulatory framework for technology transfer • Adequacy of the intellectual property protection legislation • Governments’ investment related policies and legislation vis-a-vis technology transfer • Capacity to sufficiently negotiate technology transfer arrangements • Dispute settlement in technology transfer Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

15. Programme outputs • Enabling environment: • Institutional set up for performing (CDM) project cycle functions • Capacity to manage processes related to the transfer, adoption, adaptation & absorption of technologies • Improved regulatory structures • Improved national/regional policies (trade, environment and technology transfer) Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003

16. Programme outputs • Inclusion of (CDM) investment by traditional national/regional institutions in their lending portfolio • Improved financial base for local companies to implement (CDM) projects • Improved import duties & taxes Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer, Ghent, 9-10 April 2003