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ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION. PRODUCTION OF ONE OFFSPRING(CELL) FROM 1 PARENT(CELL) NO EXCHANGE OF GENETIC MATERIAL-NO RECOMBINATION OF DNA(RNA) ALL OFFSPRING ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT(CELL), ASSUMING NO MUTATIONS ALL OFFSPRING ARE CLONES. POSITIVES.

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ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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  1. ASEXUAL AND SEXUALREPRODUCTION

  2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION • PRODUCTION OF ONE OFFSPRING(CELL) FROM 1 PARENT(CELL) • NO EXCHANGE OF GENETIC MATERIAL-NO RECOMBINATION OF DNA(RNA) • ALL OFFSPRING ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT(CELL), ASSUMING NO MUTATIONS ALL OFFSPRING ARE CLONES

  3. POSITIVES NEGATIVES IF MUTATION OCCURS EFFECTS ALL FUTURE ORGANISMS NO DIVERSITY, WHAT EFFECTS ONE EFFECTS ALL • NO NEED TO USE ENERGY TO FIND A MATE • TAKES LESS TIME • RELIABLE, FEWER STEPS • ALL ORGANISMS RETAIN ALL QUALITIES • BETTER CHANCE OF SURVIVAL, EFFICIENT USE OF AVALIBLE RESOURSES

  4. PROKARYOTES Process of BINARY FISSION- “one cell into two”

  5. EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR • Most protistsand fungi like yeast. • PROCESS OF MITOSIS: division of nucleus then CYTOKENESIS: division of cell

  6. EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULARANIMALS REGENERATION: REPLACEMENT OF ALL OR PART OF AN ORGANISM BUDDING: GROWTH OF NEW ORGANISM OFF OF ANOTHER

  7. PARTHENOGENESIS • PRODUCING AN OFFSPRING BY FEMALES WITHOUT FERTILIZATION FROM A MALE • ALL OFFSPRING ARE FEMALE • OCCURS NATURALLY IN SPECIES OF WORMS, INSECTS AND REPTILES

  8. EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR PLANTS VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION: PRODUCING A NEW PLANT FROM AN EXISTING PLANT OR PART OF A PLANT GRAFTS GRAFTS RR RUNNERS CUTTINGS BUDDING

  9. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • PRODUCTION OF AN OFFSPRING THROUGH FORMATION OF GAMETES(SEX CELLS) BY MEIOSIS • INVOLVES THE UNION OF GAMETES AND RECOMBINING OF DNA FROM TWO PARENTS • RESULTS IN GENETICALLY UNIQUE OFFSPRING

  10. 5 POSITIVES NEGATIVES FIND A MATE TAKES MORE TIME TO DEVELOP OFFSPRING FEWER OFFSPRING • EACH OFFSPRING UNIQUE • ALLOWS FOR MORE VARIATION W/IN SPECIES • IF MUTATIONS OCCUR LESS LIKELY TO AFFECT ORGANISM NEGATIVELY

  11. EXAMPLES CONJUGATION Temporary union of two single cells with at least one of them receiving genetic material from the other. SIMPLEST FORM OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Protista: paramecia Fungi: molds

  12. (+) OR (-) GAMETES IN FUNGI, LIKE MUSHROOMS, GAMETES ARE IDENTIFIED AS PLUS(+) OR MINUS(-) WHEN MALE/FEMALE CANNOT BE IDENTIFIED.

  13. DISTINCTION OF SEXES GAMETES ARE IDENTIFIED AS DISTICTLY MALE OR FEMALE (Due to presence of separate sex chromosome, X/Y) HERMAPHRODITIC ORGANISMS MALE/FEMALE GAMETES PRODUCED WITHIN SAME ORGANISM FLOWER PINE EARTHWORMS

  14. DIFFERENTIATION OF SEXES GAMETES ARE PRODUCED IN SEPARATE ORGANISMS Most advanced form of sexual reproduction MALE FEMALE SPERMATOZOA OVA

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