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RESEARCH DESIGN MIXED METHODS

RESEARCH DESIGN MIXED METHODS. Sumber : Elham Ahmadnezhad , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009. SEJARAH SINGKAT - MMR. 1959 : Concept of mixing different methods by Campbell & Fiske. (Psychologists) 1973 : Combined the Qualitative & Quantitative data by S.D. Sieber .

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RESEARCH DESIGN MIXED METHODS

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  1. RESEARCH DESIGNMIXED METHODS Sumber: ElhamAhmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  2. SEJARAH SINGKAT - MMR • 1959: Concept of mixing different methods by Campbell & Fiske. (Psychologists) • 1973: Combined the Qualitative & Quantitative data by S.D. Sieber. • 1979: Converging or triangulating different Qualitative & Quantitative data sources by Jick. • 1989-2003: Expanded procedures for Mixed methods By Tashakkori & Teddli and then Creswell. Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  3. Mengapamemakai MMR? • Quantitative data can reveal generalizable information for a large group of people • These data often fail to provide specific answers, reasons, explanations or examples • Qualitative research provides data about meaning and context regarding the people and environments of study • Findings are often not generalizable because of the small numbers & narrow range of participants • Both methods have strengths and weaknesses • When used together, these methods can be complimentary Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  4. Tipe-tipedesainpenelitian Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  5. KriteriaUntukMemilihStrategi Four decisions go into selecting a mixed methods strategy Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  6. KriteriaUntukMemilihStrategi • What is implementation sequence of the quantitative and qualitative data collection in the proposed study? • What priority will be given to the quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis? • At what stage in the research project will the quantitative and qualitative data and finding be integrated? • Will an overall theoretical perspective (e.g., gender, race/ ethnicity, lifestyle, class) be used in the study? Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  7. AlternatifStrategidan Model Visual Sequential Explanatory Design QUAN Data Collection QUAN Data Analysis Qual Data Collection Qual Data Analysis Interpretation of Entre analysis QUAN qual Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  8. AlternatifStrategidan Model Visual Sequential Exploratory Design QUAL Data Collection QUAL Data Analysis Quan Data Collection Quan Data Analysis Interpretation of Entre Analysis QUAL quan Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  9. Alternative Strategies and Visual Models Sequential Transformative Design Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  10. Alternative Strategies and Visual Models Concurrent Triangulation Strategy QUAL Data Collection QUAN Data Collection Qual Data Analysid Quan Data Analysis Data Results Compared Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  11. AlternatifStrategidan Model Visual Concurrent Nested Strategy Analysis of Findings Analysis of Findings Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  12. AlternatifStrategidan Model Visual Concurrent Transformative Strategy Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  13. ProsedurPengumpulan Data • Identify and be specific about the type of data. Some forms of data such as interviews and observations can be either quantitative or qualitative. Although reduction information to numbers is the approach used in quantitative research, it is also used in qual. Research. • Recognize that quantitative data often involve random sampling, so that each individual has no equal probability of being selected and the sample can be generalized to the larger population. In qualitative data collection, purposeful sampling is used to that individuals are selected because they have experienced the central phenomenon. Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  14. ProsedurPengumpulan Data • Relate the procedures specifically to the visual model. For e.g, in a sequential explanatory model, the general procedures can be detailed even further. A discussion of this approach might include describing the use of survey data collection followed by both descriptive and infertial data analysis in the first phase. Then qualitative observations and coding and thematic analysis within an ethnographic design might be mentioned for the second phase. Sumber: ElhamAhmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  15. Analisis Data & Validasinya It’s related to the type of research strategy chosen for the procedures. Some of the more popular approaches: Data transformation: In the concurrent strategies involve creating codes and themes qualitatively, then counting the number of times they occur in the text data. This quantification of qualitative data enables a researcher to compare quantitative results with the qualitative data. For instance, in a factor analysis of data from a scale on an instrument, the researcher may create factors or themes that then can be compared with themes from the qualitative database. Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  16. Analisis Data & Validasinya • Explore outliers: In a sequential model, an analysis of quantitative data in the first phase can yield extreme or outlier cases. Follow-up qualitative interviews with these outlier cases can provide insight about why they diverged from the quantitative sample. • Instrument development: In a sequential approach, obtain themes and specific statements from participants in an initial qualitative data collection. In the next phase, use these statements as specific items and the themes for scales to create a survey instrument that is grounded in the views of the participants. A third, final phase might be to validate the instrument with large sample representative of a population. • Examine multiple levels: in a concurrent nested model, conduct a survey at one level (e.g. with families) to gather quantitative results about a sample. At the same time, collect qualitative interviews (e.g., with individuals) to explore the phenomenon with specific individuals in families. Sumber: ElhamAhmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  17. Analisis Data & Validasinya Validasidiperlukan, baikpadafasekualitatifmaupunfasekuantitatif. Masing-masingmetodemempunyaicarakhusus; untuk data kualitatif, strateginyaadalahmengujiakurasitemuan-temuanriset. Sumber: Elham Ahmadnezhad, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nov. 2009

  18. Mixed Methods Research: State of the Art(What Has Developed In Mixed Methods) by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Co-editor, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, and Co-Director, Office of Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research

  19. Sifat MMR • Deskripsikanpendekataninidalam proposal-penelitian • Pelacakansejarahnya • Definisi yang jelas • Mixed methods research is an approach to inquiry that combines or associates both qualitative and quantitative forms. It involves philosophical assumptions, the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches, and the mixing of both approaches in a study. Thus, it is more than simply collecting and analyzing both kinds of data; it also involves the use of both approaches in tandem so that the overall strength of a study is greater than either qualitative or quantitative research (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007). • Membahastantangan yang dihadapipendekatanini. Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

  20. Perencanaan MMR Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

  21. Perencanaan MMR Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

  22. Disain Sequential dan Model Visual • DisainEksplanatoriSekuensial • DisainEksploratoriSekuensial • Dian TransformatisSekuensial QUAN qual QUAL quan QUAL quanSocial science theory, qualitative theory, advocacy worldview QUAN qualSocial science theory, qualitative theory, advocacy worldview Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

  23. DisainKonkurendan Model Visual QUAN QUAL • DisainTriangulasiKonkuren (bersamaan) + • Disain Embedded Konkuren • DisainTransformatifKonkuren QUAN QUAL qual quan QUAN + QUAL Social science theory, qualitative theory, advocacy worldview QUAL Social science theory, qualitative theory, advocacy worldview quan Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

  24. Pengumpulan Data • Identifikasitipe-tipe data quantitative danqualitatif • Menyusunprosedur sampling yang dapatmencakupaspek-aspek random-sampling dan purposeful-sampling • Membuatbagan / diagram alir yang detail tentangpenelitian Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

  25. Analisis Data danValidasinya • Match data analysis to the mixed methods strategy of inquiry • Prosedur-prosedur yang populermeliputi : • Transformasi Data • Explore outliers • Instrument development • Examine multiple levels • MembuatMatriks. • ProsedurValidasi: • Quantitative procedures (e.g., validity and reliability of scores) • Qualitative procedures (e.g., check accuracy of findings) • Mixed methods procedures (e.g., legitimation of the mixed methods study) Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

  26. StrukturLaporanHasilPenelitian • Report structure follows from the mixed methods strategy of inquiry • Studi Sequential : • Organize the report into sections ordered to match the phases of the study • StudiKonkuren : • Organize the data collection into separate sections • The analysis and interpretation may be combined • StudiTransformatif: • Use either a sequential or concurrent report structure • Advance the advocacy issue at the beginning and an agenda for change at the end Sumber: by John W. Creswell, Ph.D. Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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