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Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy 1824-1840

Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy 1824-1840. APUSH. West Ward Migration Patterns. 1. West of Appalachian Mts. – 1791 -1803 2. 1816-1821 – Mid-West Land between the Appalachian Mts.& the Mississippi River is known as the MID - WEST 3. 1840’s – California/ Pacific Coast.

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Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy 1824-1840

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  1. Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy 1824-1840 APUSH

  2. West Ward Migration Patterns • 1. West of Appalachian Mts. – 1791 -1803 • 2. 1816-1821 – Mid-West • Land between the Appalachian Mts.& the Mississippi River is known as the MID - WEST • 3. 1840’s – California/ Pacific Coast

  3. “Rise of the Common Man” – 1820’s • universal manhood “suffrage” - voting • Eliminated property owning requirements for voting • White Men of humble background were now allowed to vote

  4. Andrew Jackson • President 1828-1837 • Encouraged movement of white settlers west • Saw Native Americans as obstacle

  5. Indian Removal Act, 1830 • Immediate “re-settlement” of Native Americans living in: • Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, present day Illinois • 100,000 Native Americans forced to move

  6. Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) • Cherokee tribe sued the state of Georgia over forced removal • State of Georgia ruled: • Cherokee “not a foreign nation” • Therefore Cannot sue state !

  7. Worcester vs. Georgia (1832) • Supreme Court ruled: • “ Cherokee nation is a distinct community…” • Is its own sovereign nation • Therefore, Georgia state laws do not apply to them

  8. President Andrew Jackson • Upset at Supreme Court decision, stated: • “John Marshall has made his decision… Now let him enforce it!”

  9. Trail of Tears, 1838 • U.S. General Winfield Scott & 7,000 troops • Forced Cherokees to walk 800 miles to Oklahoma territory • 4,000 died along the way

  10. President Andrew Jackson’s Other Controversial Policies • 1. Vowed to “kill” Bank of U.S. (BUS) • 2. Encouraged congress to pass “Force Bill” • Gave President power to use military force if needed

  11. President Andrew Jackson’s Other Controversial Policies • 3. Increased Power of the Presidency • Vetoed more bills than last 6 Presidents combined! • 4. “Spoils System” • Appointed campaign workers/friends to govt. positions • cabinet = “kitchen cabinet”

  12. “King Andrew I”, 1832

  13. Westward Expansion

  14. Texas- Mexican Territory as of 1821 • Mexico gained independence from Spain 1821 • (remember most of Latin America was under Spanish control 1521-1821)

  15. Tejano Identity • Spanish-Mexican population: • Strong sense of community • Municipio– municipality – unit of government • Land owners - ranches

  16. The Mexican Government • Originally welcomed American settlers in Texas • Stephen F. Austin’s Father gained land grant in Texas from Spanish prior to 1821 • Austin inherited territory • Mexican Government allowed him & group to settle

  17. The Mexican Government • Asked that all “American” settlers • 1. learn Spanish • 2. Convert to Catholicism • 3. Become Mexican citizens

  18. Stephen Austin’s American Colony in Mexican Texas (1823) • 1823: 300 original American Settlers • By 1824 : 2,000 American settlers • By 1835: 30,000!!! • American settlers outnumbered Mexican settlers • Americans brought 1,000 slaves

  19. The Mexican Government • 1. Forbade further immigration of American settlers into region in 1830! • 2. forbade slavery & the importation of slaves • 3. Demanded all Americans convert to Catholicism • BY 1832-1833 Americans started to demand independence

  20. “American” Texans Rebelled in 1835 • General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (became dictator of Mexico 1834) • ordered all Americans EXPELLED • Arrested rebels

  21. Siege at The Alamo - 1836 • 189-200 American troops, townspeople stationed at the adobe structure • Siege lasted 13 days • Mexican army asked them to surrender • Americans fired a cannon shot…

  22. Mexican Army Charged! • Americans outnumbered • Santa Anna’s men attacked from every side • He ordered wounded Americans to be put to death

  23. The Alamo Disastrous for American Texans • 16 survivors : women, children, servants • Victory for Mexico

  24. Sam Houston “Remember the Alamo!” • Surprised Mexican troops in 1836 with his own army • American-Texans won their independence from Mexico • @ Battle of San Jacinto

  25. Lone Star Republic-, 1836 • Free, independent “country” • NOT A PART OF THE U.S., AND NOT A PART OF MEXICO • Sam Houston , president of Lone Star Republic  • Legalized slavery • THEN Voted for annexation to the United States

  26. American President Henry Harrison • Elected 1840 • Served shortest term of any President… • Harrison caught a cold after delivering 2 hour Inauguration speech • Died a month later of pneumonia @ 68 • President for a month 

  27. President James Tyler, 1841 • Became first Vice President to succeed death of a President • Maine, Oregon , Texas became sought after pieces of real estate • Texas: Signed annexation treaty for ratification, 1843

  28. Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny & Its Legacy 1841-1848 APUSH

  29. President James Polk, 1844 • Won 1844 election • An “ardent expansionist” • Goals: to acquire Texas formally, Oregon territory and… California. • Accomplished all

  30. John O’ Sullivan, Newspaper Editor • Coined term “Manifest Destiny,” 1845 • “Our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us”

  31. Manifest Destiny is the Belief that… • “ It was God’s will that the United States expand from sea to shining sea and all points in between”

  32. President Polk and Oregon Territory * Re-negotiated treaty with Britain for Oregon border • Boundary @ 49th parallel • By 1846- 5,000 Americans had settled in Oregon

  33. 2 Days after Polk Took Office… • March 1845 • Mexico broke off relations with U.S. • Mexico protested American annexation of Texas

  34. Polk Sent John Slidell to Mexico • 1. To inform Mexico that U.S. wanted to purchase California & New Mexico for $25 million • 2. Mexican officials refused to receive Slidell (were insulted)

  35. Border Dispute • Mexican officials insisted BORDER with U.S. was located at NUECES RIVER • Polk insisted border was located at RIO GRANDE RIVER

  36. Meanwhile, President Polk • Sent General Zachary Taylor to disputed region with troops • U.S. built a military fort in disputed territory • Mexican troops attacked American men for “trespassing”, April 25th 1846

  37. Mexican- American War, 1846-1848 • “Mr. Polk’s War” • Official cause: border dispute • Opposition to provoked war

  38. El Pueblo de Los Angeles & the War • August 13th, 1846 • American Marine Captain Archibald Gillespie & troops arrived in L.A. ! • September 23rd he and his men surrounded by 600 angry Pobladores… • @ Fort Moore Hill

  39. American Troops in Los Angeles • forced to retreat to San Pedro Harbor • The Mexican women of L.A. gave the American troops baskets filled with peaches… • Rolled in cactus spines!

  40. Battle of the Rio San Gabriel • January 8th, 1847 • Location : Modern day Montebello & Pico Rivera • Washington blvd. & Bluff rd. • The final conflict in the Mexican- American War (on American soil)…

  41. January 10, 1847 • American troops entered El Pueblo de Los Angeles • raised the American Flag @ Fort Moore Hill • Campo de Cahuenga Treaty – truce signed between Angelenos & American troops (near modern day Universal Studios)

  42. 2 Events Signaled the End of the Mexican- American War • 1. American troops invaded Veracruz, Mexico, 1847 • 2. American Troops invaded Mexico City • In both cases, Mexicans surrendered

  43. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848 • Feb. 2nd, 1848 • 1. Mexico gave up claims to Texas • 2. Mexico Acknowledged Rio Grande Border • 3. Ceded California - New Mexico to U.S. • 4. U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million • U.S. acquired 500,000 sq. miles of territory (a million counting Texas)

  44. Mexican Cession

  45. Wilmot Proviso • Representative David Wilmot’s Bill: • Forbade slavery in the new land acquired by War with Mexico • Issues: state’s rights, slavery

  46. California Gold Rush • May 1848, Gold found ! • Sutter’s Creek ,California • August 1848 newspapers printed story • By 1849, people from around the world flocked to Northern California • ’49ers • California became a state 1850

  47. Pioneers Continued to Move West • 1840-1848 • 11,500 settlers moved to Oregon Country • 2,700 moved to California (number doubled after gold rush) • 4-6 month journey • 10 -20 families traveled in covered wagons • 12-15 miles a day

  48. Pioneer Reality • 1.Native Americans rarely attacked wagon trains • 2. Cholera, scarlet fever & other illnesses along trail • 3. “a grave every 80 yards” • 4. Rough terrain – “un-lady like” work for women • 5. Ox often died, wagon wheels broke

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