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Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues

Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues. Chronology of career counseling and guidance movement Beginnings of the counseling profession Early contributors Early governmental programs Development of professional organizations Career counseling from past and future perspectives

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Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues

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  1. Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues • Chronology of career counseling and guidance movement • Beginnings of the counseling profession • Early contributors • Early governmental programs • Development of professional organizations • Career counseling from past and future perspectives • Some basic issues that reflect current and future needs of career counseling: • The case for the individual - Counseling in a culturally diverse society • Career life perspective - Effective use of career information • Working in the 21st century - Focusing on a multiple spectrum of • Lifelong learning domains

  2. Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development • Trait-Oriented Theories • Social Learning and Cognitive Theories • Developmental Theories • Person-in-Environment Perspective • Implications for Career Guidance • Case Study

  3. Holland’s model of personality types and occupational environments

  4. Steps in using the SDS

  5. A career counseling sequence for individuals

  6. The life-career rainbow: Six life roles in schematic life space

  7. A segmental model of career development

  8. Ecological systems map

  9. Chapter 3: Career Counseling Models • Relevant issues and concepts emerging from model development • Suggestions for career guidance from a career life planning model • Trait-and-factor and person-environment-fit model • Developmental model • Learning theory model • Cognitive information-processing approach model • Multicultural career counseling model for ethnic women • Model summary of counseling goals, intake interview techniques, use of assessment, diagnosis, and counseling process

  10. Use of the theory of work adjustment in career choice

  11. Pyramid of information-processing domains

  12. Individual learning plan

  13. Chapter 4: Managing Sets of Needs • Rationale for a holistic approach to career counseling • Interrelationships of multiple roles • The call to fuse career and personal counseling • Domain-sensitive approach as sets of needs • Using integrative counseling methods and procedures • A nexus for integrative counseling • Client concerns by theoretical domains • Counseling strategies for theoretical domains • Case study

  14. Chapter 5: Career Counseling Intake Interview • Rationale for career counseling intake interviews • Suggested sequence for an interview • Suggestions for interviewing multicultural groups • How to assess the significance of life roles and potential conflicts • How to discover problems that interfere with career development • Informative tables: personality disorders as related to work impairments; five types of work psychopathology; taxonomy of psychological work-related dysfunctions • Case examples

  15. Chapter 6: Using Standardized Assessment in Career Counseling • Problems associated with selecting standardized assessment instruments • Suggestions for evaluating adapted and accommodated versions of standardized tests • Achieving equity in assessment • Assessing the acculturation level of multicultural groups • Identifying career beliefs • Identifying skills, proficiencies, and abilities • Identifying academic achievement • Identifying and confirming interest levels • Discovering personality variables • Determining values • Exploring career maturity variables • Using computer-assisted career guidance research • Resources for evaluating assessment instruments

  16. Chapter 7: Self-Assessment and a Model for Using Assessment • Using self-assessment as an alternative in career counseling • Learning how to self-assess • Self-assessment through self-observations • Autobiography • Focused questions to uncover specific variables • Nontraditional interest identification • Card sorts • Lifeline – A career life planning experience • Guided fantasy exercise to increase self-awareness • Self-assessment of skills • Using assessment results, including standardized tests • Seven-stage model for using assessment results • The future of assessment

  17. Factors affecting the sex-role socialization and career decision-making process

  18. Chapter 8: Technology in the New Millennium • Guidelines for using computer-assisted career guidance systems • Cautions about and advantages of computer-assisted career guidance systems • Development of career information systems • Brief review of DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS • Steps in using computer-assisted career guidance programs • How to use the Internet appropriately for career guidance • Examples and Web locations of current programs • New technology to develop skills • Review of innovative learning delivery systems • Implementing a computer-based program

  19. Career planning process

  20. Chapter 9: On Being an Ethical Career Counselor • Some ethical standards from several professional organizations • Ethical competency issues • Some boundaries of confidentiality • Some responsibilities of informed consent • Some boundaries of measurement and evaluation • Some Internet user ethical issues • Ethical responsibilities with peer counselors • Examples of violations

  21. Chapter 10: Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups • Definitions of culture • Four major cultural groups: Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans • Cultural variability • Cultural differences in work-related activities • Learning how to be culturally competent • Review of immigrants’ problems and adjustments to a new and different culture • Living and working in a culturally diverse society

  22. Percentage of population by race

  23. Influences on worldview

  24. Steps to interpersonal and intercultural success or stagnation

  25. Chapter 11: Gender Issues in Career Counseling • Career development theories for women • Multicultural perspectives when working with women and men • Factors that influence gender development • Shared work roles • Special needs of women and men

  26. Chapter 12: Special Issues in Family Systems Featuring Issues of Dual Careers • How to identify the nuclear and extended family • Current trends of change in family systems and family relationships • Case example of a dual-career couple in conflict • Issues facing dual-career families • Implications for career counseling • Appropriate counseling interventions for the case example

  27. Level of overall marital satisfaction

  28. Chapter 13: Career Counseling for Individuals with Disabilities • The Americans with Disabilities Act • Special problems and needs of individuals with disabilities • Implications for career guidance • Rehabilitation programs • Case study: client at a state rehabilitation center • Career education and a module for individuals with disabilities • Group counseling program for individuals with disabilities

  29. Chapter 14: Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Clients • Sexual orientation as a factor in career counseling approaches • Negative stereotypes attributed to homophobia • Forms of discrimination at work: blackmail, ostracism, sexual harassment, exclusion, the lavender ceiling • Identity issues and a homosexual identity formation model • Holistic approach to identity development • Cultural differences in sexual orientation • Special needs of youth with same-sex orientations • Sex-stage model for career counseling gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals

  30. Chapter 15: Career-Related Programs and Counseling in Elementary Schools • Career educational goals and competencies • Building support for career-related programs • National career guidelines • Career competencies by grade level • Role of elementary school counselors • Strategies for integrating career development concepts • Resources for career development • Counseling culturally different children

  31. Chapter 16: Career-Related Programs and Counseling in Secondary Schools • Comprehensive school guidance programs, including planning for life strategies • Exemplary comprehensive school guidance programs in public schools • Sample career goals and competencies • Examples of integrating career development concepts through classroom infusion • Sources of career videos for educational purposes • Integrating academic and vocational education • Goals of tech-prep programs • Apprenticeship and future work • School-to-work programs • Role of placement in the high school

  32. Chapter 17: Career Services and Counseling in Institutions of Higher Learning • Characteristics of college students • How college affects career choice and development • National goals for college career guidance programs • Implications for career guidance programs in institutions of higher learning • Career prep program at a community college consortium • Module model of a curricular career information service • Metroplex model for career counseling • Life-planning workshops, including example cases • Work- and experience-based programs for college and university students • Role of college and university placement offices

  33. Chapter 18: Work in Our Lives • Changing organizations and new concepts in career development • Post bureaucratic organizations have advantages for multicultural groups • How work has changed • Basic skills needed for work in the future • The rise of the knowledge worker • The rise of the temporary worker • Knowledge as the key resource • Stress at work • Aging workers

  34. Human network organization

  35. Chapter 19: Career Counseling for Adults in Career Transition • Occupational transitions in the new millennium • Job loss concerns • Shift of risks from organization to individual • Adults who want to change careers • Establishment stage transitions • Midcareer and maintenance stage transitions • Late career and transition to retirement • Interacting influences in career development • Volatile behavior in the workplace • Intervention components for adults in career transition

  36. Work experience analysis form

  37. Leisure experience analysis form

  38. Skills identification form

  39. Lifestyle identification form

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