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The Skeletal System

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This unit explores the fundamental functions of the skeletal system, including hematopoiesis, structure, movement facilitation, mineral storage, and joint mechanics. It delves into the production of blood cells in red bone marrow, how bones provide structural support, and their role as levers for movement. Additionally, it covers joint types, ligaments, and various fractures, including closed and open fractures. We also examine conditions such as scoliosis, osteoarthritis, and sprains, discussing their symptoms, causes, and treatments.

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System Support Systems Unit 2

  2. The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System • Hematopoiesis • The process of producing blood cells in the red bone marrow • Structure/Support • Provides a rigid framework that supports the soft tissues of the body and maintains the body’s shape

  3. Functions cont. • Movement Facilitation • Bones serve as levers to convert muscular contraction to movement • Serves as a point of attachment for ligaments, tendons, and muscles • Mineral Storage • Bones store calcium in bone matrix

  4. Bones of the Cranium

  5. Bones of the Cranium

  6. Bones of the Cranium

  7. The Vertebral Column

  8. Bones of the Upper Extremities

  9. Bones of the Pelvis

  10. Bones of the Pelvis

  11. Bones of the Lower Extremities

  12. Joints • Definition • Any location where 2 bones meet • Types • Many joint are freely movable joints such as the shoulder, elbow, knee, etc.

  13. Joints • Types cont. • Some joints allow little to no movement such as the sutures of the skull

  14. Ligaments • Ligaments attach bone to bones • They provide much of the support for our freely movable joints

  15. Fractures • Types of fractures • Closed or simple fracture • The bone is broken and the skin is intact • Open or compound fracture • The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone

  16. Fractures

  17. Fractures • Signs and symptoms • Pain upon palpation (touching) • Pain with movement • Obvious deformity • Caused by trauma • Treatment: Immobilization for 6-8 weeks • Compound fractures may require surgery

  18. Scoliosis • Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

  19. Scoliosis • Signs & Symptoms • One hip or one shoulder higher than the other • Back pain • Muscle spasms • Cause • An imbalance of muscles • A leg length discrepancy • Treatment • Bracing, physical therapy, shoe inserts, surgery

  20. Osteoarthritis • Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

  21. Osteoarthritis • Cause: normal wear and tear on the joints • May be specifically causes by: • Obesity • Injury to a joint that is not cared for properly • Signs & Symptoms • Joint soreness, aching, stiffness, and swelling • Bone spurs may develop which increases pain and loss of motion • Treatment includes: • pain relievers, steroids, and surgical joint replacement

  22. Sprain • The stretching or tearing of a ligament.

  23. Sprain cont. • 1st degree • The stretching of a ligament causing micro-tears in the tissue • 2nd degree • A partial tear • 3rd degree • A complete rupture • Signs & Symptoms include pain, swelling, joint laxity, instability • Treat with RICE

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