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Sources of Omega-3’s: Supplements vs. Food

Sources of Omega-3’s: Supplements vs. Food. Suzanne Hotchkiss NUTR 421 Macronutrient Metabolism . Omega-3’s (n-3). Alpha- linolenic acid (ALA ) Essential- cannot be synthesized in animal cells Lack- delta 12 and delta 15 desaturases

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Sources of Omega-3’s: Supplements vs. Food

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  1. Sources of Omega-3’s: Supplements vs. Food Suzanne Hotchkiss NUTR 421 Macronutrient Metabolism

  2. Omega-3’s (n-3) • Alpha-linolenicacid (ALA) • Essential- cannot be synthesized in animal cells • Lack- delta12 and delta15 desaturases ALA  Eicospentaenoic Acid (EPA)  Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)  Eicosanoids Physiological effects: anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatation http://www.womenshealthmag.com/nutrition/good-fats

  3. Sources • Alpha-linolenicacid • Flaxseed, linseed, soybean • EPA • Marine algae, fish • DHA • Phospholipids components of animal fats, fish oils

  4. Clinical Trial 1 Salmon v. capsules: n-3 and selenium status • 44 participants, 21-40 yrs old • New Zealand, 8 weeks long • 4 equal # groups • Two 120 g servings of salmon/week • Two 1200mg capsules of fish oil/day • Four 1200mg capsules of fish oil/day • Six 1200mg capsules of fish oil/day

  5. n-3 FA daily consumption • Each capsule 1200mg

  6. Blood sample and biochemical analysis • Blood samples taken after 8hr • Tested: • Fatty acids • Plasma Selenium (Se) • Whole-blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. • GPx is an enzyme that plays a role in protection from oxidative damage.

  7. Blood sample change in FA levels • ALA change • insignificant • EPA change • Salmon 80% increase , Six capsules 84% increase

  8. Blood sample change in FA levels • DHA changes • Salmon 93% increase, six capsules 92% increase • Omega-3 index • Salmon 174% increase, six capsules 176%

  9. Clinical Trial 2 Algal-Oil Capsules and Cooked Salmon: DHA content • Randomized, open-label, parallel-group • 32 men and women, 20 -65 yrs old • 600 mg DHA/day from algal-oil vs. 2 oz/day cooked salmon

  10. Algal Oil • DHA Single Cell Oil, C. cohnii(DHASCO) • C. cohnii • Heterotrophic microalgae  • Vegetarian source of DHA • Provides DHA as triglyceride with other naturally occurring fatty acids. • EPA not present Picture: http://hill-pharm.en.alibaba.com

  11. Changes in FA levelsPlasma phospholipids (A) • Algal Oil • Fish DHA increased by approximately 80% for both Algal oil-capsule and fish groups

  12. Changes in FA levelsErythrocytes • Algal Oil • Fish DHA increased by approximately 25% in both algal-oil capsule and fish groups

  13. Conclusion • Dietary sources • Significantly higher amounts of omega-3’s • Have other beneficial nutrients • Supplements • Convenient • Less expensive • Vegetarian options

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